Efectos del cadmio sobre el crecimiento y la composición elemental de la alfalfa en cultivo de arena
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v79i2.912Palabras clave:
cadmio, alfalfa, crecimiento, elemento, nutriente, arena.Resumen
El cadmio (Cd) es un elemento traza natural que puede provocar toxicidad en las plantas. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron evaluar los efectos del nivel de Cd en un medio de arena sobre el crecimiento de la alfalfa y su contenido de Cd, calcio (Ca), cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe), potasio (K), magnesio (Mg), manganeso (Mn), nitrógeno (N), sodio (Na), fósforo (P), azufre (S) y zinc (Zn). Los tratamientos fueron 3 dosis de Cd: 0, 5 y 25 mg kg-1 arena. Semillas de alfalfa fueron sembradas en estos medios, en base a un diseño de bloques completos randomizados con tres repeticiones. Las plantas se dejaron crecer por 60 días, siendo periódicamente regadas y fertilizadas. A la cosecha, se evaluaron el contenido de clorofila, la materia seca de raíces y parte aérea y las concentraciones de los mencionados elementos en la materia seca. A mayor dosis de Cd se observaron notorias reducciones del contenido de clorofila y del crecimiento vegetal. Ninguna de las plantas, ya sea expuestas o no a este elemento, mostraron carencia o exceso de algún nutriente mineral estudiado. La adición de Cd tendió a provocar la concentración de elementos nutritivos en la reducida materia seca y la acumulación preferencial de estos en la parte aérea a expensas de las raíces. No se observó ningún efecto específico notorio de este elemento sobre los nutrientes minerales evaluados. Aparentemente, una limitada fotosíntesis en las plantas fue el daño directo principal del Cd en este estudio.
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