Dissipation of fenitrothion and esfenvalerate in wheat grains, bran and flour

J. Vásquez-Castro; G. De Baptista; C. Gadanha-Junior; J. Bracho-Pérez

doi:10.21704/pja.v4i2.1510

Authors

J. Vásquez-Castro Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Departamento de Entomología, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Peru.
G. De Baptista Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Av. Pádua Dias 11, São Paulo, Brazil.
C. Gadanha-Junior Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Av. Pádua Dias 11, São Paulo, Brazil.
J. Bracho-Pérez Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur. Facultad de Ingeniería y Gestión. Campus - Sector 3 Grupo 1A 03 - Cercado (Av. Central y Av. Bolívar) - Villa El Salvador, Lima 42, Peru.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i2.1510

Keywords:

Degradation, persistence, chromatography, maximum residue limit, preharvest interval.

Abstract

Chemical insecticides are commonly used to control insect pests in stored wheat. However, the presence of insecticide residues in food may endanger consumers. We studied the degradation and persistence of two insecticides, fenitrothion and esfenvalerate, in wheat grain, bran, and flour. The application system was calibrated to treat grain at theoretical concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mg kg−1 of fenitrothion and esfenvalerate, respectively. Samples treated with the insecticide mixture were collected at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 days after treatment. Samples were analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (ECD, Ni63). The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. Esfenvalerate was more persistent than fenitrothion, with the residues of both insecticides concentrated mainly in the bran, and with least amounts in the flour. The concentrations of fenitrothion residues during the 120-day preharvest interval exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 1 mg kg−1 set by Brazilian legislation. We discuss the factors that influence the degradation/persistence of fenitrothion and esfenvalerate.

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