VALORIZACIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE CÁSCARA DE ALMENDRA DE CACAO (CAC) MEDIANTE SÍNTESIS VERDE DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PLATA CON POTENCIALES APLICACIONES ANTIMICROBIANAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v24i2.2382Palabras clave:
antioxidantes, cáscara de cacao, extracción, impacto ambiental, nanopartículas de plata, síntesis verdeResumen
El objetivo de universalizar el servicio de saneamiento impulsa a la búsqueda de soluciones eficientes y sostenibles en su operación, especialmente en Plantas de Tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de pequeño tamaño, donde el costo operativo es un factor decisivo. En este contexto, este estudio analizó el potencial de un tipo de humedales llamado "sistema francés", el cual utiliza dos etapas para el tratamiento primario y secundario de aguas residuales. Basándose en experiencias operativas de dos PTAR que utilizan esta tecnología desde hace 12 y 8 años, se establecieron requisitos que permiten el uso de la primera etapa como único tratamiento, logrando una eliminación superior al 85% de la Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO), con un valor límite de 60 mg/l. En cuanto a la segunda etapa, se compararon las eficiencias de humedales de flujo vertical y horizontal. Ambos demostraron efectividad en la eliminación de la DBO, alcanzando concentraciones finales de DBO inferiores a 8 mg/l en el efluente tratado, cumpliendo con los requisitos para la reutilización del efluente. Estas experiencias a largo plazo evidencian el inmenso potencial de los humedales y sus variaciones tecnológicas para contribuir de manera económica y sostenible a las demandas de saneamiento básico en Perú.
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