DINÁMICA DE LA REGENERACIÓN DE PASTIZALES ALTOANDINOS TRAS UN INCENDIO EN PUNO, PERÚ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v24i2.2386Palabras clave:
cobertura vegetal, incendio no controlado, índices espectrales, productividadResumen
La estabilidad de los pastizales altoandinos a la luz de la variación climática, la interacción entre la sequía y los incendios no controlados son de interés considerable. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del incendio en la cobertura vegetal distribuida en grupos funcionales y la productividad de los pastizales. Se realizaron evaluaciones en campo y seguimiento con índices espectrales (NBR, SAVI y NDVI) de Sentinel 2. Las evaluaciones se realizaron después de un incendio no controlado ocurrido en noviembre del año 2022 en Cancharani (sitio 1) y Yanamayo, (sitio 2) a una elevación de 4 112 y 4 047 msnm, respectivamente, en Puno Perú. Se registraron 51 especies, la mayor cantidad determinados en los grupos de herbáceas y gramíneas en los sitios quemados y no quemados. La especie dominante fue Festuca dollichophylla, que es importante para la alimentación ganadera. Esta especie y otras gramíneas, resultaron resilientes a las perturbaciones como la sequía y el fuego, probablemente por sus características morfológicas. Los sitios que no se quemaron mostraron una cobertura vegetal mayor (77.8 y 83.3%, sitios 1 y 2, respectivamente), mayor productividad de biomasa (p < 0.05) y mayor cantidad de mantillo. De otro lado, la dinámica regenerativa de los pastizales quemados no logró recuperarse al nivel de antes del incendio, comparado con las áreas no quemadas. Los índices espectrales mostraron la dinámica del estado de la vegetación pre y post incendio, mostrando la caída de sus valores una vez ocurrido el incendio y la recuperación de estos a lo largo del periodo de análisis; siendo el índice NBR el que mostró una mayor sensibilidad a la ocurrencia del incendio. El incendio fue de baja severidad pero de rápida propagación, sin embargo, ocasionó alteraciones leves en el pastizal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nicaela Pilar Terroba Quispe, Héctor Hugo Añamuro Luque, Yoni Cristian Mamani Cahui, Leónidas Royer Molleapaza Quispe, Yony Ernesto Huichi Oliva
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
