Collection and morphological characterization of 149 accessions of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) from seven departments in Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i3.1341Keywords:
achiote, annatto, bixin, morphological characterization, PerúAbstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and identify groups of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) with characteristics related to increased yield and bixin content. A total of 149 achiote accessions were collected from the departments of Loreto, San Martin, Junín, Pasco, Huánuco, Ucayali, and Cusco, in Perú. These were then evaluated using ten quantitative and three qualitative capsule and seed descriptors. Undesirable characteristics such as high spinosity and dehiscence predominated, while none of the quantitative descriptors correlated significantly with bixin content. Principal component analysis indicates that the quantitative descriptors (except for bixin content) are statistically significant, forming four clusters. Notably, one of the clusters included accessions characterized by heavy seeds, and another cluster included accessions with high number of seeds and bixin content.
Downloads
References
Akshatha, V., Giridhar, P., & Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Morphological diversity in Bixa orellana L. and variations in annatto pigment yield. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 86(4), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2011.11512767
Albuquerque, C.L.C., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2011). Trends in annato agroindustry: bixin processing technologies and market. Recent Patents on Engineering, 5(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.2174/187221211796320738
Albuquerque, C.L.C., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2012). Defatting of annatto seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide as a pretreatment for the production of bixin: experimental, modeling and economic evaluation of the process. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 66, 86–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.01.004
Alcázar-Alay, S.C., Osorio-Tobón, J.F., Forster-Carneiro, T., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2017). Obtaining bixin from semi-defatted annatto seeds by a mechanical method and solvent extraction: process integration and economic evaluation. Food Research International, 99(1), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.032
Arce, J. (1999). El achiote (Bixa orellana L.): Cultivo Promisorio Para El Trópico. Costa Rica. Editorial Escuela de Agricultura del Trópico Húmedo (EARTH).
Biego, G., Yao, K., Koffi, K., Ezoua, P. & Kouadio, L. (2013). Influence of the storage conditions on moisture and bixin levels in the seeds of Bixa orellana L. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 5342–5347. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-stat/055A8E241683
Camacaro, J., Goméz, J., Jiménez, M., Vega, C., & Manganiello, L. (2018). Un colorante liposoluble de semillas de Onoto (Bixa Orellana L.) como insumo para la industria alimentaria. Revista INGENERÍA UC, 25, 2. https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/707/70757669017/html/index.html
Dias, N.O., Rebouças, T.N., São José, A.R., & Amaral, C.L. (2017). Morpho-agronomic characterization and estimates of genetic parameters in annatto plant. Horticultura Brasileira, 35(2), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170214
Dinocapture (2019). DinoCapture 2.0 ver. 1.4.5. Dino-Lite Digital microscopes.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (1982). Food and nutrition paper 25: JECFA specifications for identity and purity of buffering agents, salts; emulsifiers, thickening agents, stabilizers; flavouring agents, food colours, sweetening agents and miscellaneous food additives. Rome: FAO
Franco, T., & Hidalgo, R. (2003). Análisis Estadístico de Datos de Caracterización Morfológica de Recursos Fitogenéticos. Boletín técnico no. 8. Colombia. Instituto Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos (IPGRI). https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/_migrated/uploads/tx_news/Análisis_estadístico_de_datos_de_caracterización_morfológica_de_recursos_fitogenéticos_894.pdf
Grum, M., & Atieno, F. (2007). Statistical analysis for plant genetic resources: clustering and indices in R made simple. Italy. Bioversity International. https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/_migrated/uploads/tx_news/Statistical_analysis_for_plant_genetic_resources_1283.pdf
Habibi-Najafi, M.B., Fatemizadeh, S.S., Boroojerdi, S.R., Hosseini, F., & Karazhyan, R. (2018). In vitro evaluation of antimold activity of annatto natural dye and its effects on microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties of bread. Journal of Food Protection, 81(10),1598–1604. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-533
Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica Industrial y de Normas Técnicas. (1991). Norma técnica peruana 209.256:1991: Achiote y sus derivados. Determinación de Bixina y norbixina. Perú.
Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria. (2009). Accesiones promisorias Banco de germoplasma de la SUDIRGEB (Sub dirección de recursos genéticos y biotecnología)–INIA. Lima Perú. https://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Extensión Agraria. (2006). Directiva 03-05: Normas de procedimiento para la transferencia de germoplasma conservado por la SUDIRGEB en las estaciones experimentales agrarias. Lima Perú.
Kassambara, A., & Mundt, F. (2020). factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses. R package version 1.0.7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=factoextra
López, S.E., Caicedo, M., Gil, A., López, A. & Pazos, A.E. (2018). Morphometry of fruit and seed of Bixa orellana L. “achiote.” SCIÉNDO, 21(2), 213–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sciendo.2018.022
Maechler, M., Rousseeuw, P., Struyf, A., Hubert, M., & Hornik, K. (2019). Cluster: cluster analysis basics and extensions. R package version 2.1.0.
Mantovani, N., Grando, M., Xavier, A., & Otoni, W. (2013). Avaliação de genótipos de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) por meio da caracterização morfológica de frutos, produtividade de sementes e teor de bixina. Ciência Florestal, 23(2), 344–362. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050989281
Mazzani, E., Marín, C., & Segovia, V. (2000). Estudio de la variabilidad existente en la colección de onoto (Bixa Orellana L.) del CENIAP; FONAIAP; Venezuela. Revista Facultad Nacional De Agronomia Medellin, 17, 492–504. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/26377
Medina, A., Michelangeli, C., Ramis, C., & Díaz, A. (2001). Caracterización morfológica de frutos de onoto (Bixa orellana L.) y su correspondencia con patrones de proteinas e isoenzimas. Acta Científica Venezolana, 52, 14–23.
Minagricultura. (2020). Agronet: Área, Producción y Rendimiento Nacional por Cultivo. Gobierno de Colombia. https://www.agronet.gov.co/estadistica/Paginas/home.aspx?cod=1
Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego. (2019). Anuario de Produccion Agricola 2018. Perú. http://siea.minagri.gob.pe/portal/
Moreira, P.A., Lins, J., Dequigiovanni, G., Veasey, E.A., & Clement, C.R. (2015). The domestication of annatto (Bixa orellana) from bixa urucurana in Amazonia. Economic Botany, 69(2), 127–135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-015-9304-0
Raddatz-Mota, D., Pérez-Flores, L.J., Carrari, F., Mendoza-Espinoza, J., Díaz, F., Pinzón-López, L. Godoy-Hernández, G., & Rivera-Cabrera, F. (2017). Achiote (Bixa orellana L.): a natural source of pigment and vitamin E. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(6), 1729–1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2579-7
Rajagopal, P.L., Sreejith, K.R., & Premaletha, K. (2016). Natural colorants as safe additives: a review. World wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2, 28. http://wwjmrd.com/upload/1507790072.pdf
Rivera-Madrid, R., Escobedo-GM, R.M., Balam-Galera, E., Vera-Ku, M., & Harries, H. (2006). Preliminary studies toward genetic improvement of annatto (Bixa orellana L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 109(2), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.011
Rodrigues, L.M., Alcázar-Alay, S.C., Petenate, A.J., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2014). Bixin extraction from defatted annatto seeds. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 17(3), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2013.10.010
RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: integrated development environment for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA, USA. http://www.rstudio.com
SAS Institute (2020). SAS University Edition. SAS Institute Inc. North Carolina, United States of America.
Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera. (2019). Anuario Estadístico de la Producción Agrícola. Mexico. https://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/
Stringheta, P.C., Silva, P.I., & Costa, A.G.V. (2018). Annatto/Urucum—Bixa orellana. Exotic Fruits, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00006-X
Valdez-Ojeda, R., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Aguilar-Espinosa, M., Rivera-Madrid, R., Ortiz, R., & Quiros, C. F. (2008). Assessing morphological and genetic variation in Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) by sequence-related amplified polymorphism and cluster analysis. HortScience, 43(7), 2013-2017. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.2013
Valério, M.A., Ramos, M.I.L., Braga Neto, J.A., & Macedo, M.L.R. (2015). Annatto seed residue (Bixa orellana L.): nutritional quality. Food Science and Technology, 35(2), 326–330. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.6539
Viuda-Martos, M., Ciro-Gómez, G.L., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Zapata-Montoya, J.E., Sendra, E., Pérez-Álvarez, J.A., & Fernández-López, J. (2012). Antioxidant activity of annatto extracts. Journal of Food Safety, 32(4), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00393.x
White, D., & Gramacy, R. (2012). Maptree: mapping, pruning, and graphing tree models. R package version 1.4-7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=maptree
Yolmeh, M., Habibi-Najafi, M.B., Shakouri, S., & Hosseini, F. (2015). Comparing antibacterial and antioxidant activity of annatto dye extracted by conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.17795/zjrms1020
