Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): A threat in crop production in Africa and Asia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i3.1495Keywords:
Fall armyworm, maize, Integrated Pest Management.Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), el gusano cogollero (FAW) es una plaga de cultivos con más de 80 especies hospedadoras que causan graves daños a los cereales de maíz. El gusano cogollero, originario de la región tropical y subtropical de América, se ha extendido rápidamente por todo el mundo. Las larvas y los adultos del gusano cogollero dañan las hojas jóvenes, los verticilos de las hojas, las borlas o las mazorcas del maíz. Bajo una fuerte infestación de gusano cogollero se produce una pérdida de rendimiento del 50-80% en la cosecha de maíz. Esta plaga es capaz de reproducirse, migrar y alimentarse rápidamente de una gran variedad de plantas hospedantes, lo que dificulta su seguimiento. Sin embargo, hay varias medidas de control reportadas en varios países. El manejo integrado de plagas (cultural, químico y biológico) se usa ampliamente para controlar esta plaga. Debido a que la plaga se ha vuelto resistente a muchos insecticidas, no se recomienda su uso en las etapas iniciales de la infestación. Pero, la última opción para este manejo de plagas seriamente infestadas es el uso de pesticidas por debajo del umbral económico. Esta revisión se centra en la distribución de insectos, la biología, el daño del maíz y las posibles estrategias para su manejo.
Downloads
References
Abebe, Z., Dabala, C., & Birhanu, T. (2017). System productivity as influenced by varieties and temporal arrangement of bean in maize-climbing bean intercropping. Journal of Agronomy, 16, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2017.1.11
Adamczyk, J., Holloway, J., Leonard, B., & Graves, J. (1997). Susceptibility of fall armyworm collected from different plant hosts to selected insecticides and transgenic Bt cotton. The Journal of Cotton Science 1, 21–28.
Alam, M. M. (1978). Attempts at the biological control of major insect pests of maize in Barbados, WI (No. 2019-2017-4349).
Alfonso, J., Ortego, F., Sanchez-Monge, R., Garcia-Casado, G., Pujol, M., Castañera, P., & Salcedo, G. (1997). Wheat and barley inhibitors active towards α-amylase and trypsin-like activities from Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of chemical ecology, 23(7), 1729–1741. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006447.85514.8d
Ashley, T. R., Barfield, C. S., Waddill, V. H., & Mitchell E. R. (2006). Parasitization of fall armyworm larvae on volunteer corn, bermudagrass, and paragrass. The Florida Entomologist, 66, 267–271. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494251
Ayala, O., Navarro, F., & Virla, E. G. (2013). Evaluation of the attack rates and level of damages by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), affecting corn-crops in the northeast of Argentina. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 45(2), 1–12. https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/app/navegador/?idobjeto=6006
Bahena, J. F., & Garciam, O. (1991). Enemigos naturales del gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en Morelos, México. XIV Congreso Nacional de Control Biológico, México, 54–61.
Bajracharya, A. R., Bhat, B. (2019). The first record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Nepal. Khumaltar, Nepal. Indian Journal of Entomology, 81(4), 635–639.
Behle, R. W., & Popham, H. J. (2012). Laboratory and field evaluations of the efficacy of a fast-killing baculovirus isolate from Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 109(2), 194–200.
Bezuidenhout, S. R., & Nunkumar, A. (2017). Chemical Control Options for fall armyworm in Maize. Research & Technology Bulletin (2016–2017). https://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/RESOURCE_CENTRE/GUIDELINE_DOCUMENTS/Research_and_Technology_Bulletin/Chemical-control-options-for-Fall-Armyworm-in-maize.pdf
Bhosale J. (2018). Fall armyworm spreads to five states in India. The Economic Times; [Accessed 27, Aug 2020]. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/fall-armyworm-spreads-to-five-states-in-india/articleshow/66128598.cms
Bhushal, S., & Chapagain, E. (2020). Threats of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) incidence in Nepal and it’s integrated management-A review. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 3(1): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27186
Bueno, R. C. O. F., Bueno, A. F., Moscardi, F., Parra, J. R., & Hoffmann-Campo, C. B. (2011). Lepidopteran larvae consumption of soybean foliage: basis for developing multiple-species economic thresholds for pest management decisions. Pest Management Science, 67, 170–174.
Bullangpoti, V., Wajnberg, E., Audant, P., & Feyereisen, R. (2012). Antifeedant activity of Jatropha gossypifolia and Melia azedarach senescent leaf extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their potential use as synergists. Pest Management Science, 68(9), 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3291
CABI. (2020). Spodoptera frugiperda. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/29810#todistribution
Capinera, J. (2017). Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in255
Capinera, J. L. (2002). Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). EDIS, 2002(7).
Casmuz, A., Juárez, M. L., Socías, M. G., Murúa, M. G., Prieto, S., Medina, S., Willink, E., & Gastaminza, G. (2010). Revisión de los hospederos del gusano cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 69(3-4), 209-231.
Chhetri, L. B., & Acharya, B. (2019). Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): A threat to food security for south Asian country: Control and management options: A review. Farming & Management, 4 (1), 38–44.
Chimweta, M., Nyakudya, I., Jimu, L., & Mashingaidze, A. B. (2019). Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] damage in maize: management options for flood-recession cropping smallholder farmers. International Journal of Pest Management, 66(2), 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2019.1577514
Chormule, A., Shejawal, N., Sharanabasappa, C. M., Asokan, R., Swamy, H. M., & Studies, Z. (2019). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) on sugarcane and other crops from Maharashtra, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7, 114–117.
Cruz, I., Figueiredo, M. D. L. C., Silva, R. B. D., Silva, I.F. D., Paula, C.D., & Foster, J.E. (2012). Using sex pheromone traps in the decision-making process for pesticide application against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [Smith] [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]) larvae in maize. International Journal of Pest Management, 58(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2012.655702
Daily Nation (2018) Armyworms are ravaging hundreds of farms; here’s how to defeat them. Kenya. [Accessed 27, Aug 2020]. https://www.nation.co.ke/kenya/business/seeds-of-gold/armyworms-are-ravaging-hundreds-of-farms-here-s-how-to-defeat-them-382766
Day, R., Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Colmenarez, Y., Corniani, N., Day, R., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gomez, J., Moreno, P. G., Murphy, S. T., Oppong-Mensah, B., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Silvestri, S., & Witt, A. (2017). Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 28(5), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1564/v28_oct_02
de Sa, V. G., Fonseca, B. V., Boregas, K. G., & Waquil, J. M. (2009). Survival and larval development of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on alternatives host. Neotropical entomology, 38(1), 108–115. 10.1590/s1519-566x2009000100012
Deole, S., & Paul, N. (2018). First report of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), their nature of damage and biology on maize crop at Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6, 219–221.
Dhar, T., Bhattacharya, S., Chatterjee, H., Senapati, S. K., Bhattacharya, P. M., Poddar, P., Ashika, T., & Venkatesan, T. (2019). Occurrence of Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in West Bengal, India and its field life table studies. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7(4), 869–875.
Dively, G. (2018). Management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) with emphasis on Bt Transgenic Technology. https://usunrome.usmission.gov
Early, R., González-Moreno, P., Murphy, S. T., & Day, R. (2018). Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. Neobiota 40, 25–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165
Fernandes, F. L., Diniz, J.F., Alves, F.M., & Silva, L.O. (2012). Injury and spatial distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in onion Allium cepa (Alliaceae) in Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Entomological News, 122(3), 257–260. https://doi.org/10.3157/021.122.0307
Ferrer, F. (2001). Biological control of agricultural insect pests in Venezuela; advances, achievements, and future perspectives. Biocontrol News and Information, 22(3), 67N–74N.
Food and Agriculture Organization (2017). Sustainable management of the fall armyworm in Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (October), pp. 1–34. http://www.fao.org/3/a-bt417e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization (2018). Integrated management of the fall armyworm on maize a guide for farmer field schools in Africa. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization (2019). A mobile app and a global platform for managing fall armyworm. [Accessed 27, Aug 2020]. http://www.fao.org/3/CA3544EN/ca3544en.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization (2019). Global action for fall armyworm control. [Accessed 27, Aug 2020]. http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/monitoring-tools/faw-map/en/
Fu, Y., Bhadha, J. H., Rott, P., Beuzelin, J. M., & Kanissery, R. (2020). Investigating the use of aquatic weeds as biopesticides towards promoting sustainable agriculture. PloS One, 15(8), e0237258. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237258
Fuller, B. W., Reagan, T. E., Flynn, J. L., & Boetel, M. A. (1997). Predation on fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sweet sorghum. Journal of agricultural entomology (USA).
Garcia, A. G., Godoy, W. A. C., Thomas, J. M. G., Nagoshi, R.N., & Meagher, R.L. (2017). Delimiting strategic zones for the development of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Corn in the State of Florida. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(1), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox329
Gebreziher, H. G. (2020). Review on management methods of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) in Sub- Saharan Africa. International journal of Entomology Research, 5(2), 9-14.
Goergen, G., Kumar, P. L., Sankung, S. B., Togola, A., & Tamò, M. (2016). First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa. PloS One, 11(10), e0165632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165632
Hardke, J. T., Jackson, R. E., Leonard, B. R., & Temple, J. H. (2015). Fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development, survivorship, and damage on cotton plants expressing insecticidal plant-incorporated protectants. Journal of economic entomology, 108(3), 1086–1093. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov092
Hruska, A., & Gould, F. (1997). Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Diatraea lineolata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Impact of Larval Population Level and Temporal Occurrence on Maize Yield in Nicaragua. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(2), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.2.611
Hunt, T. E., Higley, L. G., Witkowski, J. F., Young, L. J., & Hellmich, R. L. (2001). Dispersal of adult European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated corn. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94(6), 1369–1377. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-94.6.1369
Igyuve, T. M., Ojo, G. O. S., Ugbaa, M. S., & Ochigbo, A. E. (2018). Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda); it’s biology, impact and control on maize production in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 70–79.
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (2018). New technical guide to help farmers protect against fall armyworm. https://www.cimmyt.org/tag/fall-armyworm/
Jarrod, H., Lorenz, G., & Billyroger, L. (2015). Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ecology in south-eastern cotton. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 6(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmv009
Jeger, M., Bragard, C., Caffier, D,, Candresse, T., Chatzivassiliou, E., Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Gilioli, G., Gregoire, J-C., Jaques Miret, J.A., Navarro, M.N., Niere, B., Parnell, S., Potting, R., Rafoss, T., Rossi, V., Urek, G., Van Bruggen, A., Van der Werf, W., West, J., Winter, S., Day, R., Early, R., Hruska, A., Nagoshi, R., Gardi, C., Mosbach-Schultz, O., & MacLeod, A. (2018). Pest risk assessment of Spodoptera frugiperda for the European Union. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Journal, 16(8), e05351. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5351
Jeyaraman, S. (2017). Field Crops Production and Management Vol I. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd.
Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Asokan, R., Swamy, H. M., Maruthi, M. S., Pavithra, H. B., Hegbe, K., & Goergen, G. E. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem, 24(1), 23–29.
Kenis, M., Du Plessis, H., Van den Berg, J., Ba, M. N., Goergen, G., Kwadjo, K. E., Baoua, I., Tefera, T., Buddie, A., Cafà, G., Offord, L., Rwomushana, I., & Polaszek, A. (2019). Telenomus remus, a candidate parasitoid for the biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already present on the continent. Insects, 10(4), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10040092
Khan, Z. R., Pittchar, J. O., Midega, C. A., & Pickett, J. A. (2018). Push-pull farming system controls fall armyworm: lessons from Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 29(5), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.1564/v29_oct_09
Klun, J. A., Potts, W. J., & Oliver, J. E. (1996). Four species of noctuid moths degrade sex pheromone by a common antennal metabolic pathway. Journal of Entomological Science, 31(4), 404–413. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.4.404
Kumela, T., Simiyu, J., Sisay, B., Likhayo, P., Mendesil, E., Gohole, L., & Tefera, T. (2019). Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ethiopia and Kenya. International Journal of Pest Management, 65(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2017.1423129
Lamsal, S., Sibi, S., & Yadav, S. (2020). Fall Armyworm in South Asia: Threats and management. Asian journal of advances in agricultural research, 13(3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2020/v13i330106
Leal‐Bertioli, S. C., Pascoal, A. V., Guimarães, P. M., De Sá, M. F. G., Guimarães, R. L., Monte, D. C., & Bertioli, D. J. (2003). Transgenic tobacco plants expressing Tarin 1 inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and the development of Spodoptera frugiperda. Annals of applied biology, 143(3), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00304.x
Luginbill, P. (1928) The Fall Armyworm. Technical Bulletin No. 34 K. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC, USA.
Mallapur, C. P., Naik, A. K., Hagari, S., Prabhu, S. T., & Patil, R. K. (2018). Status of alien pest fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) on maize in Northern Karnataka. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6, 432–436.
Martinelli, S., Clark, P.L., Zucchi, M. I., Silva-Filho, M. C., Foster, J. E., & Omoto, C. (2007). Genetic structure and molecular variability of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in maize and cotton fields in Brazil. Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology, 164.
Martínez, A. M., Aguado-Pedraza, A. J., Viñuela, E., Rodríguez-Enríquez, C. L., Lobit, P., Gómez, B., & Pineda, S. (2017). Effects of ethanolic extracts of Argemone ochroleuca (Papaveraceae) on the food consumption and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomologist, 100(2), 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.100.0232
Meagher Jr, R. L., Nuessly, G. S., Nagoshi, R. N., & Hay-Roe, M. M. (2016). Parasitoids attacking fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sweet corn habitats. Biological Control, 95, 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.01.006
Metcalf, C. L., Flint, W. P., & Metcalf, R. L. (1965). Insectos destructivos e insectos útiles: sus costumbres y su control (No. Sirsi) (SBUV003901). Compañía Editorial Continental.
Molina-Ochoa, J., Lezama-Gutierrez, R., Gonzalez-Ramirez, M., Lopez-Edwards, M., Rodriguez-Vega, M. A., & Arceo-Palacios, F. (2003). Pathogens and parasitic nematodes associated with populations of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in Mexico. Florida Entomologist, 86(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0244:PAPNAW]2.0.CO;2
Montezano, D. G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Roque-Specht, V. F., Sousa-Silva, J. C., Paula-Moraes, S. D., Peterson, J. A., & Hunt, T. E. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286
Murúa, M. G., Vera, M. T., Abraham, S., Juarçz, M. L., Prieto, S., Head, G. P., & Willink, E. (2008). Fitness and mating compatibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from different host plant species and regions in Argentina. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101(3), 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[639:FAMCOS]2.0.CO;2
National Plant Protection Organization. (2019). American Fall armyworm and it’s Management. http://www.npponepal.gov.np/
Oliver, A. D., & Chapin, J. B. (1981). Biology and illustrated key for the identification of twenty species of economically important noctuid pests [Louisiana agriculture]. Bulletin-Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (USA), 733.
Parra, J. R. P. (2010). Egg parasitoids commercialization in the New World. In F.L. Consoli, J. Parra, & R. Zucchi (Eds), Egg parasitoids in agroecosystems with emphasis on Trichogramma (pp. 373–388). Springer, Dordrecht.
Paulillo, L. C. M., Lopes, A. R., Cristofoletti, P.T., Parra, J.R. P., Terra, W.R., & Silva-Filho, M.C. (2000). Changes in midgut endopeptidase activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are responsible for adaptation to soybean proteinase inhibitors. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93(3), 892–896. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.892
Pechan, T., Ye, L., Chang, Y. M., Mitra, A., Lin, L., Davis, F.M., W. Paul Williams, W.P., & Luthe, D.S. (2000). A unique 33-kD cysteine proteinase accumulates in response to larval feeding in maize genotypes resistant to fall armyworm and other Lepidoptera. The Plant Cell, 12(7), 1031–1040. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.7.1031
Phambala, K., Tembo, Y., Kasambala, T., Kabambe, V. H., Stevenson, P.C., & Belmain, S.R. (2020). Bioactivity of common pesticidal plants on fall armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda). Plants, 9(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010112
Pitre, H. N., & Hogg, D. B. (1983). Development of the fall armyworm on cotton, soybean and corn (Spodoptera frugiperda). Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 18, 182–187.
Pitre, H. N., & Hogg, D. B. (1983). Development of the fall armyworm on cotton, soybean and corn [Spodoptera frugiperda]. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 18(2), 182-183.
Pitre, H. N., Mulrooney, J. E., & Hogg, D. B. (1983). Fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) oviposition: crop preferences and egg distribution on plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76(3), 463–466. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.3.463
Pogue, M. G. (2002). A world revision of the genus Spodoptera guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. No. 43. (pp. 1–222).
Pomari, A. F., Bueno, A. D. F., Bueno, R. C.O. D. F., & Menezes, A. D. O. (2012). Biological characteristics and thermal requirements of the biological control agent Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on eggs of different species of the genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN11115
Prasanna, B. M., Huesing, J. E., Eddy, R., & Peschke, V.M. (2018). Fall armyworm in Africa: a guide for integrated pest management. 1st ed.; CIMMYT: Edo Mex, Mexico. https://repository.cimmyt.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10883/19204/59133.pdf
Qureshi, J. A., Buschman, L. L., Throne, J. E., & Ramaswamy, S.B. (2006). Dispersal of adult Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its implications for corn borer resistance management in Bacillus thuringiensis maize. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99(2), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0279:DOADGL]2.0.CO;2
Ranum, P., Pena-Rosas, J. P., & Garcia-Casal, M. N. (2014). Global maize production, utilization, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1312(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12396
Reinert, J. A., & Engelke, M. C. (2010). Resistance in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomologist, 93(2), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0216
Rioba, N. B., & Stevenson, P. C. (2020). Opportunities and scope for botanical extracts and products for the management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) for smallholders in Africa. Plants, 9(2), 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020207
Ríos-Díez, J. D., & Saldamando-Benjumea, C. I. (2011). Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains from central Colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: A study of the genetic basis of resistance. Journal of economic entomology, 104(5), 1698–1705. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11079
Rojas, J. C., Virgen, A., & Cruz-López, L. (2003). Chemical and tactile cues influencing oviposition of a generalist moth, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology, 32(6), 1386–1392. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-32.6.1386
Romero-Sueldo, G. M., Dode, M., & Virla, E. G. (2014). Depredación de Doru luteipes y D. lineare (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) sobre Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) en condiciones de laboratorio. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 58, 73–79. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/17140
Rwomushana, I., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Beseh, P., Cameron, K., Chiluba, M., Clottey, V., Davis, T., Day, R., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gonzalez-Moreno, P., Kansiime, M., Kenis, M., Makale, F., Mugambi, I., Murphy, S., Nunda. W., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Tambo, J. (2018). Fall armyworm: Impacts and Implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 28(5), 196–201.
Sakadzo, N., Makaza, K., & Chikata, L. (2020). Biopesticidal properties of aqueous crude extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) against fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E Smith) on maize foliage (Zea Mays L.) diets. Agricultural Science, 2(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p47
Sarmento, R. D. A., Aguiar, R.D.S., Aguiar, R.A.S.S., Vieira, S.M.J., de Oliveira, H.G., & Holtz, A.M. (2002). Biology review, occurrence and control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in corn in Brazil. Bioscience Journal, 18(2), 41–48.
Seal, D. R. (2018). Control of Fall armyworm and cucumber beetle in sweet corn. Arthropod Management Tests, 43(1), tsx120. https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsx120
Shorey, H. H., Summers, C. G., Sisk, C. B., & Gerber, R. G. (1994). Disruption of pheromone communication in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tomatoes, alfalfa, and cotton. Environmental entomology, 23(6), 1529–1533. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.6.1529
Silva, D., Bueno, A., Andrade, K., Stecca, C., Neves, P., & Oliveira, M. (2017). Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources. Scientia Agricola, 74(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2015-0160
Silva, G. A., Picanço, M. C., Ferreira, L. R., Ferreira, D. O., Farias, E. S., Souza, T. C., Rodrigues-Silva, N. & Pereira, E. J. G. (2018). Yield losses in transgenic Cry1Ab and non-Bt corn as assessed using a crop-life-table approach. Journal of economic entomology, 111(1), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox346
Sisay, B., Simiyu, J., Malusi, P., Likhayo, P., Mendesil, E., Elibariki, N., Wakgari, M., Ayalew, G., & Tefera, T. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), natural enemies from Africa. Journal of Applied Entomology, 142(8), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12534
Sisay, B., Tefera, T., Wakgari, M., Ayalew, G., & Mendesil, E. (2019). The efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides and botanicals against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in maize. Insects, 10(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10020045
Sparks, A. N. (1979). A Review of the Biology of the fall armyworm. The Florida Entomologist, 62(2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494083
Starratt, A. N., & McLeod, D. G. R. (1982). Monitoring fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), moth populations in southwestern Ontario with sex pheromone traps. The Canadian Entomologist, 114(7), 545–549. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent114545-7
Stout, M. J., Riggio, M. R., & Yang, Y. (2009). Direct induced resistance in Oryza sativa to Spodoptera frugiperda. Environmental entomology, 38(4), 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0426
Valicente, F. H., & Barreto, E. M.R. (1999). Levantamento dos inimigos naturais da lagarta do cartucho do milho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), na regiao de Cascavel, PR. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 28, 333–337.
Van Waddill, H., & Whitcomb, W. H. (1982). Release of Telenomus remus [Hym. scelionidae] against Spodoptera frugiperda [Lep.: Noctuidae] in Florida, USA. Entomophaga, 27(2), 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375224
Virla, E. G., Colomo, M. V., Berta, D. C., & Valverde, L. (1999). The parasitoid complex of the maize “fall armyworm”, Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Argentine Republic (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Neotropics , 45, 113-114.
Whitford, F., Quisenberry, S. S., & Moellenbeck, D. J., (2015). Nutritional response by rice and corn fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains to dietary component substitution in artificial diets. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 1491-1496. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.4.1491
Yaseen, M. (1979). Introduction of exotic parasites for control of Spodoptera and Heliothis in Trinidad. Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society-Symposium on maize and peanut, Paramaribo, Suriname, 15, 136–141.
Yu, S. J. (1982). Host plant induction of glutathione S-transferase in the fall armyworm. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 18(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(82)90092-X
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
