Heterotic Response of Single-Cross Popcorn Hybrids for Yield and Popping Quality Across Diverse Agro-Ecological Zones in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v8i3.2203Keywords:
Popping expansion, Grain yield, Correlation, Mid Parent Heterosis, Better Parent Heterosis, Standard HeterosisAbstract
The limited availability of high-yielding popcorn germplasm with good popping quality remains a significant challenge in Nigeria. This study evaluated 36 single-cross popcorn hybrids, their parental lines, and a check variety across three distinct agro-ecological zones in Nigeria during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons to identify outstanding hybrids suitable for popcorn stakeholders. Significant genetic variation was observed among hybrids and parental lines for most traits. Hybrid M4 × V4, with superior grain yield performance (1.92 t.ha-1) and a high heterotic yield advantage (62.71 %) over the standard check, emerged as a potential candidate for commercial adoption. Hybrids M1 × V7, M2 × V8, M4 × V9, and M3 × V9 demonstrated high heterotic advantages for both grain yield and popping volume, positioning them as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs focused on improving these traits. Significant correlations (r > 0.37, ρ ≤ 0.05) were observed between the traits of parental lines and their corresponding hybrids, underscoring the predictive potential of parental performance on hybrid outcomes. Grain yield in hybrids showed a moderate positive correlation with parental plant height (r = 0.38, ρ ≤ 0.05) and parental grain yield (r = 0.44, ρ ≤ 0.05), while traits related to visual appeal (plant and ear aspects) in parental lines were negatively correlated (r = -0.37, ρ ≤ 0.05) with hybrid grain yield. Breeders aiming to develop high-yielding popcorn hybrids should therefore prioritize selection of parental lines with high yield potential, tall plant height, and better visual appeal.
Downloads
References
Abdalla, A. E., Mahmoud, F. M., & El Naim, A. M. (2010). Evaluation of some maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in different environments of the Nuba mountain of Sudan. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 4(12), 6605–6610.
Abiy, B. G., Hussein, M., & Demissew, A. (2019). Standard heterosis of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) for grain yield and yield-related traits at Kulumsa, southeastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 5(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0509001
Aboderin, O. S., Bankole, F. A., Oyekunle, M., & Olaoye, G. (2023). Yield stability and inter-trait relationships of maize hybrids under low- and optimum-nitrogen conditions. Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo), 69(4), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.2478/agri-2023-0015
Ahmad, S. Q., Khan, S., Ghaffar, M., & Ahmad, F. (2011). Genetic diversity analysis for yield and other parameters in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Asian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(5), 385–388.
Agele, S. O., Ayanwole, J. A., & Olakojo, S. A. (2008). Evaluation of some newly developed popcorn varieties for tolerance to diseases and pests and popping quality in southwestern Nigerian agro-ecologies. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2(3), 89–95.
Akinwale, R. O. (2021). Heterosis and heterotic grouping among tropical maize germplasm. Cereal Grains, 2, 59. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98742
Bankole, F. A., & Aboderin, O. S. (2024). Genetic assessment of yield traits and heterosis in maize testcrosses under different soil nitrogen conditions. Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment, 57(3), 475–491. https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-573148
Betràn, F. J., Beck, D., Bänziger, M., & Edmeades, G. O. (2003). Genetic analysis of inbred and hybrid grain yield under stress and nonstress environments in tropical maize. Crop Science, 43(3), 807–817. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.8070
Burak, R., & Broccoli, A. M. (2001). Genetic and environmental correlations between yield components and popping expansion in popcorn hybrids. Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 75, 38–40.
Coco, M., & Vinson, J. (2019). Analysis of popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) for antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Antioxidants, 8(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8010022
Dada, O.A., Mavengahama, S., & Kutu, F.R. (2023). Nutritional quality and popability of popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) in response to compost and NPK 20-7-3 application under dryland conditions in South Africa. International Journal of Food Science, 2023(1), https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6115098
Dofing, S.M., Croz-Mason, N.D., & Compton, M.A.T. (1991). Inheritance of expansion volume and yield in two popcorn × dent corn crosses. Crop Science, 31, 715–718.
Fehr, W. (1991). Principles of cultivar development: theory and technique. USA, pp.115–119.
Ibikunle, O. A., Omidiji, M. O., & Menkir, A. (2009). Evaluation and identification of maize hybrids adapted to the southern and northern Guinea savannas of Nigeria. 9th African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 28 September - 2 October 2009, 9–15.
Kamara, A. Y., Kling, J. G., Menkir, A., & Ibikunle, O. (2003). Agronomic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding lines derived from a low nitrogen maize population. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 141(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859603003514
Khan, K., Sher, H., Iqbal, M., & Al-Qurainy, F. (2011). Development and release of indigenous maize hybrids to enhance maize yield in Khyber-Pakhtoonkhua province of Pakistan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(16), 3789–3792.
Kutka, F. (2011). Open-Pollinated vs. Hybrid Maize Cultivars. Sustainability, 3(9), 1531–1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su3091531
Liu, K., & Wiatrak, P. (2011). Corn Production and Plant Characteristics Response to N Fertilization Management in Dry-land Conventional Tillage System. International Journal of Plant Production. 5(4),1735–6814
Nazir, H., Zaman Q, Amjad, M., & Aziz, N.A. (2010). Response of maize varieties under agro-ecological conditions of Dera Ismail khan. J. Agric. Res., 48(1), 59–63.
Ndoli, A., Baudron, F., Sida, T. S., Schut, A. G., Van Heerwaarden, J., & Giller, K. E. (2019). Do open-pollinated maize varieties perform better than hybrids in agroforestry systems?. Experimental Agriculture, 55(4), 649–661. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479718000297
Olakojo, O., Bankole, F., & Ogunniyan, D. (2021). Correlation, regression, and cluster analyses on yield attributes and popping characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta) in derived savanna and rainforest agro-ecologies of Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 117(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1625
Olakojo, O., Olaoye, G., & Akintunde, A. (2019). Performance of popcorn introductions for agronomic characters, grain yield, and popping qualities in the forest and derived savannah agro-ecologies of Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 114(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.6
Olakojo, S. and Olaoye, G. (2005). Combining ability for grain yield, agronomic traits and Striga lutea tolerance of maize hybrids under artificial Striga infestation. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4(9):984-988
Rangel, R. M., Amaral Júnior, A. T. D., & Freitas Júnior, S. D. P. (2011). Association between agronomical traits and popping expansion in a popcorn population under recurrent selection. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia, 35(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542011000200001
Salami, A. E., Adegoke, S. A. O., & Adegbite, O. A. (2007). Genetic variability among maize cultivars grown in Ekiti-State, Nigeria. Middle-East J. Sci. Res, 2(1), 09–13.
Scapim, C. A., Pacheco, C. A. P., Tonet, A., Braccini, A. D. L., & Pinto, R. J. B. (2002). Diallel analyses and heterosis in popcorn varieties. Bragantia, 61, 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052002000300003
Scapim, C. A., Pinto, R. J. B., do Amaral Júnior, A. T., Mora, F., & Dandolini, T. S. (2006). Combining ability of white grain popcorn populations. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 6(2), 136–143.
Schrag, T. A., Westhues, M., Schipprack, W., Seifert, F., Thiemann, A., Scholten, S., & Melchinger, A. E. (2018). Beyond genomic prediction: combining different types of omics data can improve prediction of hybrid performance in maize. Genetics, 208(4), 1373–1385. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300374
Sweley, J. C., Rose, D. J., & Jackson, D. S. (2013). Quality Traits and Popping Performance Considerations for Popcorn (Zea mays Everta). Food Reviews International, 29(2), 157–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2012.714435
Vieira, R. A., Souza Neto, I. L., Bignotto, L. S., Cruz, C. D., Amaral Júnior, A. T. D., & Scapim, C. A. (2009). Heterotic parametrization for economically important traits in popcorn. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 31, 411–419.
Vijayabharathi, A., Anandakumar, C. R., & Gnanamalar, R. P. (2009). Combining ability analysis for yield and its components in popcorn (Zea mays var. everta Sturt.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(1), 28–32.
Wang, X., Chang, J., Qin, G., Zhang, S., Cheng, X., & Li, C. (2011). Analysis on yield components of elite maize variety Xundan 20 with super high yield potential. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(24), 5490–5495. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.675
Xue Jun, X. J., Xie RuiZhi, X. R., Zhang WangFeng, Z. W., Wang KeRu, W. K., Hou Peng, H. P., Ming Bo, M. B., Gou, L, & Li Shaokun, L. S. (2017). Research progress on reduced lodging of high-yield and-density maize. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(17)61785-4
Yadesa, L., & Diro, D. (2023). Nutritional and Specialty Maize Production, Consumption, and Promising Impact on Ethiopia’s Food and Nutrition Security: A Review. EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5, 142–157. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjnfs.2023.v05i05.003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Olawale ABODERIN, Gbadebo OLAOYE, Oloruntoba OLAKOJO, Dotun OGUNNIYAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
