Morphological and nutritional characterization of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) accession collected in a typical guinea savanna ecology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v9i1.2215Keywords:
Nutritional traits, , antinutritional traits, variation, accessions, Principal component analysisAbstract
Germplasm collection and characterization are crucial for crop improvement. Twenty different sorghum accessions collected from Kwara State, Nigeria, were evaluated over two years (2021 and 2022) at the University of Ilorin Research field to assess their morphological and nutritional diversity. Morphological traits such as plant structure, leaf orientation, panicle characteristics, seed attributes, and nutritional components such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and anti-nutritional factors (oxalate, phytate, HCN, phenolics, tannins) were evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed that weight at harvest and grain weight had high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation (> 20 %), while other morphological traits exhibited low to moderate GCV and PCV values (10 % – 20 %). Nutritional traits such as phytate, moisture, ash content, carbohydrates, lipids, and fiber showed moderate GCV and PCV, while oxalate, HCN, phenolics, tannins, and protein content exhibited high variability. Principal Component Analysis identified days to flowering, leaf orientation, and plant height as important selection criteria in sorghum breeding programs, while fiber, carbohydrates, lipids, and phytate were key nutritional traits influencing the dietary value and quality of sorghum grains. Hierarchical clustering based on morphological traits grouped the accessions into four distinct clusters, while clustering by nutritional attributes classified them into three groups, each varying in levels of antinutrients, bioactive compounds, and macronutrients. Sorghum accessions identified in each cluster with superior traits offer opportunities for targeted breeding programs aimed at enhancing sorghum productivity, resilience, and nutritional value.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Folusho Anuoluwapo BANKOLE, Olawale Serifdeen ABODERIN, Kehinde Shukurat IBIYINKA, Olasunkanmi OLAJIDE , Mobolaji Omolabake MUSA
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