Peruvian Journal of Agronomy
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy
<p>The Peruvian Journal of Agronomy (e-ISSN: 2616-4477) is a peer-reviewed scientific publication, edited by the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), which publishes complete, original and unpublished articles for knowledge in agricultural and biological sciences. The objective of the journal is to disseminate the results of research by Peruvian and foreign investigators, through scientific articles, which represent a contribution to the development of science and technology in our area.</p> <p>Published in American English, every four months (quarterly): from January to April (1), from May to August (2) and from September to December (3).</p> <p>It is freely accessible, published under a <strong>CC BY license</strong>, and is included in <strong><a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2616-4477?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222616-4477%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22track_total_hits%22%3Atrue%7D">DOAJ</a>, <a href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=27263">DIALNET</a></strong>, <a href="http://www.citrevistas.cl/actualidad/b2b_g1.htm"><strong>INDICE DE ACTUALIDAD IBEROAMERICANA </strong></a>and <a href="https://www.latindex.org/latindex/ficha/23753"><strong>LATINDEX CATALOGO 2.0</strong></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.lamolina.edu.pe/eventos/investigacion/2018/PJA_AUTHORS_GUIDE.pdf">Author guidelines</a> and <a href="http://www.lamolina.edu.pe/eventos/investigacion/2018/SAMPLE.pdf">the sample</a>. Email: <strong><a href="mailto:pja@lamolina.edu.pe">pja@lamolina.edu.pe</a> </strong></p>Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaenPeruvian Journal of Agronomy2616-4477Effect of Pig manure rates on performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and Podagrica uniforma Jacq. Infestation in South Western Nigeria
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2099
<p>Insect infestation and low soil fertility are the major constrictions in okra production and various tactics have been recommended for increased production. An experiment was conceived to explore the effects of different levels of pig manure on the performances and severity of damage caused by <em>Podagrica uniforma</em> Jacq. infestation on okra in South Western, Nigeria. The research was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments (0 t.ha-1, 5 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 15 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> and 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>) replicated thrice. Okra growth, fruit yield, insect population and severity of damaged leaves were assessed and exposed to the Analysis of Variance, and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5 % level of significance was used to separate significant treatment means. The study outcomes revealed that okra growth and yield parameters were directly proportional as the pig manure rates increase. A similar trend was equally recorded for <em>P. uniforma</em> population in okra plants enriched with variable rates of pig manure, okra supplied with 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> of pig manure exhibited the highest growth, yield performance and <em>P. uniforma</em> population. While the severity of leaf damage caused by <em>P. uniforma</em> was in descending order, very low in okra enriched with varying levels of pig manure as compared to the damage recorded in control. The trial showed that okra growth and yield was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced by the application of 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> pig manure with a resultant reduction in the severity of damaged leaves caused by <em>P. uniforma</em> infestation.</p>
ArticlesInsect populationOkrapig manurePodagricaseverityvariable ratesJacobs Mobolade AdesinaSunday Nathaniel ObasiOladayo Oluwakemi Idowu-AgidaGboyega Ajayi BepoAbosede Mary AyenigbaraAyodeji Stephen BolarinwaTomiwa Ayobami JohnsonRuth Omotola OnasanyaOlalekan Ajibolade OgunoyeMayo Seth AyodejiSadiq Ola Obabire
Copyright (c) 2023 Jacobs Mobolade Adesina, Sunday Nathaniel Obasi, Oladayo Oluwakemi Idowu-Agida, Gboyega Ajayi Bepo, Mary Abosede Ayenigbara, Ayodeji Stephen Bolarinwa, Tomiwa Ayobami Johnson, Ruth Omotola Onasanya, Olalekan Ajibolade Ogunoye, Mayo Seth Ayodeji, Sodiq Ola Obabire
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2023-12-122023-12-1215616610.21704/pja.v7i3.2099Digestible energy content and apparent digestibility coefficients of fish meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat middlings and soybean oil in paiche Arapaima gigas
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2064
<p>A balanced feed will optimize the performance and nutrient utilization of the paiche according to its genetic potential. Information is required regarding the nutritive value of the ingredients and the bioavailability of the nutrients. For this reason, and given the limited information available, the objective of this research was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients and digestible energy of fish meal, soybean meal, corn, wheat middlings and soybean oil through the indirect method using chromic oxide as an inert marker. The apparent digestibility of dry matter ranged from 49 % -87 %, protein ranged from 68-90 %, lipids ranged from 73-93 % and energy ranged from 54-97 % for the different ingredients tested. The digestible energy of the fish meal was determined to be 4.34 Mcal.DE/kg. Soybean meal, corn, wheat middlings and soybean oil had values of 3.67 Mcal.DE/kg, 2.63 Mcal.DE/kg, 2.24 Mcal.DE/kg and 9.19 Mcal. DE/kg. Knowledge of the digestibility of nutrients will allow the development of feeds for the paiche with ingredients of greater digestibility, allowing to increase the productive performance of the paiche, the reduction of feeding costs resulting in the improvement of the profitability of fish farmers for a sustainable activity.</p>
ArticlesArapaima gigasPaichedigestibilityVíctor Jesús Vergara-RubínVíctor Rodrigo Guevara-Carrasco
Copyright (c) 2023 Víctor Jesús Vergara-Rubín, Víctor Rodrigo Guevara-Carrasco
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2023-12-302023-12-3017918510.21704/pja.v7i3.2064Possible induction of systemic resistance to Lasiodiplodia theobromae in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) under semi-controlled conditions at La Molina
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2053
<p>The production and export of avocado fruits, cultivar Hass, has grown exponentially in recent years in Peru, however, a high incidence of symptoms such as regressive death, cankers on plant branches, and fruit rot have been observed affecting optimal crop production and fruit quality. These symptoms are mainly generated by <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> fungus, whose control is limited to a few active ingredients that tend to generate pathogen resistance. The present investigation had as objective to evaluate the inducing effect of resistance in the control of <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> in avocado (<em>Persea americana</em>) cultivar Hass of five bioproducts: ProtecSea, Barrera, Timorex Gold, T 22, Vacun Q Pro and water as a control treatment, with a total of 6 treatments with 4 replications, 3 avocado trees per replication. One-year-old avocado trees cultivar Hass were used. Treatments were applied three times via drench at ten-day intervals. Five days after the last application <em>L. theobromae</em> was inoculated in the avocado trees cultivar ‘ Hass’ and 40 days after the inoculation, the parameters were evaluated: length of the disease lesion, percentage of dry matter of the roots and leaves, and length of the roots. It was observed that treatments, with the exception of treatment T1 (Control), reduced the length of the disease lesion infected by <em>L. theobromae</em> inside the stem. Treatment T6 (T.22) resulted in a higher percentage of root dry matter (46.52 %) compared to the control treatment (41.21 %). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in leaf dry matter content among treatments. Additionally, it was observed that treatment T2 (ProtecSea) reported a root length of 56.80 cm, followed by treatment T6 (T.22) with 54.90 cm. These results are important to continue with investigations into inducing systemic resistance in plants.</p>
ArticlesLasiodiplodia theobromaePersea americanaBarreraTimorex goldTrichoderma harzianumProtecSeaNery Veronica Jimenez-ArizaJose Miguel Soto-HerediaAndrés Virgilio Casas-DíazLiliana María Aragón-Caballero
Copyright (c) 2023 Nery Veronica Jimenez-Ariza, Jose Miguel Soto-Heredia, Andrés Virgilio Casas-Díaz, Liliana María Aragón-Caballero
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2023-08-312023-08-3113214310.21704/pja.v7i2.2053Effect of genotype on chemical composition and fatty acid profile of guinea pig carcass (Cavia porcellus L.)
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2021
<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the genotype on the deposition curve of the chemical components and fatty acid profile of carcass of guinea pigs of Peru and Cieneguilla genotypes. Forty-eight male guinea pigs (24 per genotype), randomly distributed in pens with three animals each per genotype were used. Management and feeding protocols, up to 32 wk of age, were similar for both genotypes. The deposition curve of the chemical components was determined using the Gompertz equation. Data of the fatty acid profile were submitted to analysis of varianza under a Randomized Complete Block Design using the SAS Studio Environment software, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the asymptote of the moisture and protein content in the carcass of the Peru genotype was higher (P < 0.05) than that of Cieneguilla genotype, but not in the fat content, which was similar (P > 0.05) in both genotypes. Likewise, the function of the relationship between the maximum deposition rate of the three chemical components and the content at adulthood (k) was similar (P > 0.05) in the two genotypes. The age of maximum moisture deposition rate and total protein at the inflection point (ti) are lower than the maximum fat deposition rate in both genotypes. Regarding the fatty acid profile of the carcass, the content of total and individual saturated fatty acids was similar (p > 0.05) in the two genotypes was observed. However, the content of total monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid (C18:1C) were higher (p < 0.05) in the Cieneguilla genotype, while the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids were higher (P < 0.05) in the carcass of guinea pigs of the Peru genotype. In conclusion, the asymptote of moisture content and crude protein in adulthood was higher (p < 0.05) in the Peru genotype. In saturated fatty acid content, there were no statistical differences between both genotypes, but the Cieneguilla genotype contains a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and the Peru genotype has a higher (p < 0.05) percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids.</p> <p> </p>
Articlesguinea piggenotypedeposition of chemical compoundsprofile of fatty acidspolyunsaturated fatty acidsVíctor Hidalgo LozanoCarlos Vílchez-Perales
Copyright (c) 2023 Víctor Hidalgo Lozano, Carlos Vílchez-Perales
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2023-08-292023-08-2910611610.21704/pja.v7i2.2021Color variation in the apex of the avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) cv. ‘Hass’as harvest index
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2020
<p>The objective of this investigation was to establish as a harvest index in avocado fruits cv. Hass the changes in pigmentation and color at the level of the apex of the fruit. For this, from week 23 after maximum flowering to week 29, 30 fruits by week of similar and homogeneous conditions were taken from panicles previously marked at the beginning of flowering were analyzed. Changes in pigmentation and color on the apex side of the fruit were evaluated through the chromatic parameters L*, a*, b*, C*, h°, and the color index (CI) was estimated. of avocado maturity (AMI) the concentration of chlorophylls a, b and total and the quantification of the percentage of lenticellar coverage (LC) all of which were related to the percentage of matter of the apical (DMA), central (DMC) and basal sides. (DMB) of the fruit. The results had statistical differences between the color parameters and the dry matter of the fruit but with low correlation and determination coefficients. The h° hue was the only chromatic parameter that had a better relationship with the percentage of dry matter (r= -0.42). The behavior of the lenticellar coverage with respect to the weeks of evaluation and the percentage of dry matter of the fruit are explained through a third-degree polynomial curve with relationship coefficients (R2=0.97) and (R2=0.84) respectively. This would make it possible to estimate based on the percentage of lenticellar coverage of the apex of the avocado cv. Hass the percentage of dry matter of the pulp, the lenticellar coverage must be at least 6.7 % to ensure a percentage of dry matter (22 %) ideal to start the fruit harvest. Regarding the concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, and total, these did not present differences or variations in the apex side of the fruit.</p>
ArticlesMaturitylenticellar coveragedry matterharvestinSergio Leguia -VargasGuillermo Jose Parodi -Macedo
Copyright (c) 2023 Sergio Leguia -Vargas, Guillermo Jose Parodi -Macedo
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2023-08-252023-08-25839610.21704/pja.v7i2.2020Effect of row spacing and weed management practices on dry direct-seeded spring rice
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2013
<p>Weeds are the major burden for rice-growing farmers in the case of direct-seeded rice due to the preemptive competition of weed in the species early seedling stage. A field experiment was carried out during the spring season in 2021 to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices and row spacing on dry directed-seeded spring rice under the Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP) at Rice Super Zone, Kanchanpur, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with twelve treatments and three replications. The highest number of effective tillers per m<sup>2</sup> was obtained in weed-free plots (531.67), which is statistically similar to Pretilachlor<em> fb</em> 1HW (505.42). Row spacing of 10 cm showed a significantly higher number of effective tillers per square meter (521.94). A higher grain yield was observed in weed-free plots (6397.87 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>), which is followed by Pretilachlor <em>fb</em> 1HW, which is statistically similar to other management practices except for weed check. All the management practices were found effective in reducing weed parameters such as weed density, weed dry weight, and weed index as compared to weed checks. A positive relation was recorded between plant height at 90 DAS and grain yield, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield, and a negative relation was recorded between weed density, weed dry biomass, and grain yield. It is recommended to apply Pretilachlor <em>fb</em> 1HW with 10 cm row spacing for effective weed control and to increase the yield of dry direct-seeded rice.</p>
ArticlesDry-DSRWeed densityWeed indexYieldNepalDevraj Sharma JaishiRajan SahSagar BhandariSantosh Marahatta
Copyright (c) 2023 Devraj Sharma Jaishi, Rajan Sah, Sagar Bhandari, Santosh Marahatta
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2023-08-302023-08-3011713010.21704/pja.v7i2.2013Varietal Evaluation of Promising Spring Rice Genotypes in Bagdula, Pyuthan, Nepal
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2009
<p>A field experiment was carried out in order to assess the performance (growth, yield, and yield-attributing characteristics) of five different spring rice genotypes. The study was conducted in a farmer’s field in Bagdula, Pyuthan, under the supervision of Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP), Rice Zone, Pyuthan, from March 2021–July 2021. Five spring rice genotypes, including PR-126, HHZ 25-DT9-Y1-Y1, IR 103575-76-1-1-B, IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B, and IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications each. Plant growth and yield-attributing parameters were measured, entered into MS-Excel, and analyzed using the R-Studio software. Rice seedlings were raised in a wet nursery bed and transplanted at a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm (3 seedlings per hill). The highest plant height (82.25 cm) and number of tillers per hill (10.40) were recorded in IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1, whereas the lowest plant height was observed in genotype IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B (64.30 cm). The highest number of effective tillers per square meter (247.125), panicle length (24.43 cm), number of grains per panicle (206.35), thousand grain weight (25.90 g), and grain yield (6.630 t.ha-1) were recorded in PR-126, whereas the highest straw yield was recorded in IR 86515-19-1-2-1-1-1-1 (5.78 t.ha-1). Similarly, the lowest numbers of effective tillers per square meter (150.73), panicle length (18.51 cm), number of grains per panicle (158.30), and thousand grain weight (22.53 g) were recorded in IR 99742:2-11-17-1-9-B. Thus, based on the yield and other growth parameters, the PR-126 genotype was found to be the most suitable for achieving greater productivity in Bagdula, Pyuthan, Nepal. However, further multilocation yield trials, including assessments of nutrient content, should be conducted for validation. </p>
ArticlesBiological YieldEffective TillersHarvest IndexPanicle lengthStraw yield Krishna Raj PandeyAsbin B KUday Kumar SinghYagya Raj JoshiAashish Bhandari
Copyright (c) 2023 Krishna Raj Pandey, Asbin BK, Uday Kumar Singh , Yagya Raj Joshi , Aashish Bhandari
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2023-12-302023-12-3016717810.21704/pja.v7i3.2009Seed priming with various chemical agents stimulates the germination and growth attributes synergistically in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2005
<p>Seed priming is a pre-sowing technique that involves the soaking of seeds in water or other solutions to initiate germination and early growth. This study explores the impact of different seed priming solutions on both the germinate on rate and overall performance of the wheat varieties Banganga and Bijaya. The seeds were subjected to different treatments, including polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10 %), boric acid (0.1 %), urea (2 %), polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5 %), ZnSO<sub>4</sub> (2 %), MoP (2 %), DAP (2 %), CaCO<sub>3</sub> (2 %), and with untreated seeds serving as the control. There was significant variation among the seed priming agents and that they also had a significant effect on the germination percentage, speed of germination, and seedling growth of wheat. CaCO<sub>3</sub> (2 %), DAP (2 %), and untreated seeds were found to be the most effective priming solutions, showing superiority in all parameters measured, including shoot length, root length, and fresh weight. Furthermore, Bijaya exhibited higher germination parameters, while Banganga displayed better growth parameters. In conclusion, the findings suggest that using Bijaya with DAP (2 %) or CaCO<sub>3</sub> (2 %) as seed priming agents can significantly improve the germination and growth parameters of wheat seedlings. This research sheds light on the potential of various chemical agents applied during seed priming to enhance the germination and growth of two different varieties of wheat.</p> <p> </p>
ArticlesPrimingWheatPhysiological and Morphological CharacteristicsChemical primingNetra Prasad GhimireDipesh Kumar MehataShubh Pravat Singh YadavSamaz ShresthaPragya PaudelPreeti ShahGoma PrasaiSangita Bhujel
Copyright (c) 2023 Netra Prasad Ghimire, Dipesh Kumar Mehata, Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav, Samaz Shrestha, Pragya Paudel, Preeti Shah, Goma Prasai, Sangita Bhujel
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2023-12-302023-12-3018619910.21704/pja.v7i3.2005Effects of Harvest Time on Quality of Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Southern Part of Ghana
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2003
<p> In Ghana, most smallholder maize farmers delay harvesting of their crops in an attempt to achieve optimum moisture content levels necessary for safe storage. Late harvesting may cause a hike in insect attacks and fungal contaminations, leading to alterations in nutrient composition of grains. This study examined the effects of harvest time and storage form on quality of maize. Maize was grown and harvested from 36 plots, with each plot measuring 3m x 3m. Planting of maize was done during the major and minor seasons (April – August, 2020 and September – December, 2020) respectively. Moisture content of maize before storage was determined as 12.50 % to 12.85 % (major season) and 11.90 % to 12.48% (minor season). Harvesting was done at three stages (E = Early harvest, M = Mid harvest and L = Late harvest) and maize was stored for 90 days in three different ways (D = Dehusked, H = Husked and S = Shelled). Data was subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Sisvar version 5.6. Mid harvest dehusked maize had the highest final starch content (69.28 %) while Early harvest husked maize had the highest protein content (7.22 %). Ash content of maize from the various treatments ranged from 3.50% to 5.39 % (initial) and 3.03 % to 4.13 % (final), the difference was significant (p<0.05). Late harvest husked maize (LHH) recorded 35 % more initial ash as compared to EHS. Aflatoxin level was highest on Late harvest dehusked maize (60.70 ppb). Nutrient and aflatoxin levels of maize were significantly affected by harvest time. Encouraging farmers to adopt a better approach to harvesting, drying and storage of maize can reduce crop losses and ensure food security.</p>
Articlesaflatoxinsharvest timemaizenutrient compositionSharon Gyekyewaa AsareSandra Abankwa-KwartengBismark Sekyere OwusuPhilip Kweku Baidoo
Copyright (c) 2023 Sharon Gyekyewaa Asare, Sandra Abankwa -Kwarteng, Bismark Sekyere Owusu, Philip Kweku Baidoo
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2023-08-312023-08-3114415510.21704/pja.v7i2.2003Combination of two bacterial strains Bradyrhizobium sp and Bacillus sp as Biofertilizer and Biocontrol in the Cultivation of Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) in the Peruvian Highlands
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2002
<p>It is very important to know adequately the association of beneficial microorganisms of soil with crops, in order to learn on its biofertilizer and biocontrol effects, which will allow to improve the growth and yield of the crops. The evaluation of the co-inoculation of bacteria that promote plant growth by different mechanisms in plants challenged by pathogens would contribute to increase the knowledge of the interactions of plants with different microorganisms. The aim of this research was to evaluate the biofertilizer and biocontroller effects through the bioinoculations of Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus spp. strains association. Both effects were measured during plant growing through the variable response against to Anthracnose disease on yield and seed nutrient content, using Altagracia variety. The experiment was carried out in Paltash locality at 3100 m.a.s.l. in the District of Marcará, Carhuaz, Ancash Region. Three treatments were tested: i) Bradyrhizobium + Bacillus bioinoculants, ii) a chemical treatment, and iii) a control (without bioinoculants or chemicals). The field experiment was carried out under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks. The following parameters were evaluated: 1) The fresh and dry weight of the aerial part, root and nodules at 60 days; 2) Anthracnose severity during flowering, pod filling and harvesting; and 3) Seed nutrient content. Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s test (95 % CI). Results obtained indicate that the bioinoculated plants presented the best nodule characteristics; likewise, bioinoculation reduced the degree of Anthracnose severity in the different phenological stages. It is concluded that bioinoculations improved tarwi growth and anthracnose control.</p>
ArticlesLupinus mutabilisplant growth promotersbiocontrollersbiofertilizersiostimulantsFelix CamarenaVioleta LazoDavid SaraviaAmelia Huaringa-JoaquínPilar CaychoRobert QuiñonesElvia MostaceroDoris Zúñiga-Dávila
Copyright (c) 2023 Felix Camarena, Violeta Lazo, David Saravia, Amelia Huaringa-Joaquín, Pilar Caycho, Robert Quiñones, Elvia Mostacero, Doris Zúñiga-Dávila
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2023-04-252023-04-25516810.21704/pja.v7i1.2002Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L) Infestation and Root Dry Matter Content of Cassava as Influenced by Planting Date and Cassava Genotypes
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/2001
<p>Dearth of information exists on the effects of planting dates and genotypes on grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) infestation and dry matter accumulation in the root organ of cassava. An experiment was conducted at the School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Experimental site of Njala University site during 2007/2008 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons. This study assessed the effects of planting date and cassava genotypes on grasshopper infestation and root dry matter accumulation in cassava. The experiment utilized four cassava genotypes (Cocoa, SLICASS 1, SLICASS 4 and SLICASS 6) and three planting dates (June, September and December) laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Findings showed that the incidence and severity of grasshopper attacks, as well as root dry matter contents were significantly (p<0.05) different between variety and planting dates. The grasshopper severity scores increased from 3 months after planting (MAP) (1.6) to 9 MAP (2.6). Similarly, the incidence increased from 3 MAP (23.0 %) to 9 MAP (29.7 %). The lowest percent incidence of grasshoppers was observed in June (24.8%), followed by September (26.0 %), whilst December recorded the highest (30.7 %). Similar trends were exhibited for severity score for June (1.5), September (2.2) and December (2.5) planting dates. Genotype SLICASS 6 (42.21 %) had the highest root dry matter content, followed by SLICASS 1 (42.17 %), while Cocoa and SLICASS 4 had the lowest of 41.90 %. The protected plots recorded higher root dry matter content (44.0 %) than the unprotected plots (40.9 %). Identification of tolerant cassava variety, protection of cassava field from grasshopper infestation and harvesting cassava in December could be exploited for selection and production of tolerant cassava variety with desired processing traits such as high root dry matter content.</p>
ArticlesGrasshoppersPlanting datesManagementRoot dry matterCassavaSaffea Joseph TortoAlusaine Edward SamuraAbu James SundufuDavid Dan QueeDennis Peter MusaSheku Alfred KanuSahr Ngoba FombaPrince Emmanuel Norman
Copyright (c) 2023 Saffea Joseph Torto, Alusaine Edward Samura, Abu James Sundufu, David Dan Quee, Dennis Peter Musa, Sheku Alfred Kanu, Sahr Ngoba Fomba, Prince Emmanuel Norman
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2023-04-222023-04-22425010.21704/pja.v7i1.2001Optimizing the Use of Biochar in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Production in Nigeria.
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1999
<p>Soil fertility has been a challenge worldwide and increasing crop productivity is essential for food security. Consequently, to ameliorate this problem of low soil fertility, biochar is used. However, farmers are unaware of the optimal amount of Okra biochar dosage required, especially in Nigeria. This study, therefore, looked at the amount of biochar required to increase production and examined the effect of biochar on okra growth in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Treatments used were biochar at two different levels: 50 g.kg-1 and 100 g.kg-1 of soil (treatment 1 and treatment 2), - NPK at the rate of 0.08929 g.kg-1 of soil (treatment 3) and a control. The result showed that Okra planted with biochar grew significantly in height, weight, and number of fruits compared to those treated with NPK and Control with treatment 2 giving the best yield. We conclude that biochar contributes significantly to Okra growth and that the optimal amount required is 50 g·kg-1 of soil, we recommend that farmers use this dose to maximize the benefit of biochar.</p> <p> </p>
Articlesbiocarbónokraproducciónfertilidad del sueloNigeriaMercy Funke SalamiMiracle MarkOlasumbo IbitomiKehinde Kikelomo OsasonaVictor AdeniyiShakirat SalamiHamdalat Sulaiman
Copyright (c) 2023 Mercy Funke Salami, Miracle Mark, Olasumbo Ibitomi, Kehinde Kikelomo Osasona, Victor Adeniyi, Shakirat Salami, Hamdalat Sulaiman
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2023-04-152023-04-15202610.21704/pja.v7i1.1999Evaluation of the environmental impact of pesticides for pest control in the main horticultural crops of the Chancay-Huaral valley, Lima
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1989
<p>An environmental impact assessment was carried out in the Chancay-Huaral valley for tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, carrot, and lettuce crops. Additional surveys and interviews were conducted to 96 farmers and 10 of the main pesticide supplies in the area. We determined that for the tomato crops between 33 to 42 pesticides applications were made with 27 active ingredients; for the bell pepper crops 36 to 45 applications with 28 active ingredients; for the cucumber crops 22 applications with 19 active ingredients; for the carrot crops 8 applications with 11 active ingredients; and for the lettuce crops 12 applications with 15 active ingredients. For these applications, the farmers prepared the mixtures using commercial formulations or according to their own criteria, guided by the suppliers. Due to the number of applications carried out, the pesticide withdrawal periods were not respected, and phytosanitary management was based mainly on chemical control without consideration of an Integrated Pest Management program. The environmental impact per hectare of pesticides per campaign for the crops studied was 541.30 for tomato, 595.97 for bell pepper, 959 for cucumber, 125.38 for carrot, and 81.88 for lettuce. This study will serve as a baseline for the assessment of environmental impacts of various agricultural crops, and to evaluate the implementation of Integrated Pest Management programs.</p>
ArticlesEnvironmental impact assessmentpesticideshorticultural cropsSusana Patricia Rodríguez-QuispeOscar Ortiz-OblitasJorge Ramón Castillo-Valiente
Copyright (c) 2023 Susana Patricia Rodríguez-Quispe, Oscar Ortiz-Oblitas, Jorge Ramón Castillo-Valiente
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2023-03-152023-03-1511910.21704/pja.v7i1.1989Clonal propagation of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) advanced lines in a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1980
<p>Stevia (<em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> A Bertoni), is a native species from Paraguay and Brazil, which is used as a natural sweetener with medicinal value in the preparation of beverages, sweets and others. Its propagation through sexual seeds is limited by their poor quality, for this reason its asexual propagation is promoted through different<em> in vitro</em> techniques. In the present investigation, the response of three genotypes of stevia to propagation in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) System was studied with four different media as a treatments. The results showed that the treatment M2 (MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 0.1mg/L NAA + 30 g Sucrose) gave the best results for all evaluated characteristics with the exception of the number of rootlets/seedling and being the treatment M1 (MS without growth regulators + 30 g of Sucrose) achieved the highest number of roots and good values for the other characteristics. High quality plants were achieved and the genotype that responded best was IBT-1, and in the acclimatization phase a high survival rate was obtained.</p>
Articlessweetenerin vitrobioreactorgenotypeSteviaMaría de Lourdes Tapia y FigueroaLuz R. Gómez Pando
Copyright (c) 2022 María de Lourdes Tapia y Figueroa, Luz R. Gómez Pando
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2022-12-312022-12-3125626210.21704/pja.v6i3.1980Performance of Potato Variety Rolpa Local (Solanum tuberosum L.) under Different Mulching Conditions and Zinc Levels at Rolpa, Nepal
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1979
<p>Use of the right mulching techniques is a crucial first step in replacing the issues with irrigation and weed infestation in potato production. To assess the performance of potatoes at two doses of zinc under different mulching conditions, a field experiment was laid out in a two-factorial, randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising eight treatments with three replications each. The variety used was Rolpa local. The first factor consisted of three mulching materials: plant residue (M1), black plastic (M2), silver on black plastic (M3), and a control plot (M0), whereas the second factor compromised two levels of zinc (0 kg/ha and 4 kg/ha). Both plastic mulches were found to have a significant influence on germination rate during the field research; however, all other observations for growth and yield parameters, such as plant height, tuber number, tuber weight, and yield per plant, were significantly superior in the silver on black plastic. The highest germination percentage was observed in black plastic mulch (94.67 %). However, all other observations for growth and yield parameters were found to be significantly superior in the silver on black plastic mulch condition, with plant height (87.28 cm), leaf count (145.70), number of tubers per plant (22.16), and a total yield of 21.83 t/ha. Similarly, all the yield-attributing characters were found to be significantly different among zinc levels, with the highest total yield of 17.70 t/ha at 4 kg/ha of zinc. Silver on black plastic mulch and 4 kg/ha of zinc level resulted in the highest benefit-cost (B:C) ratios of 3.18 and 2.23, respectively. The results showed that using silver on black plastic mulch with a zinc level of 4 kg/ha improved both vegetative growth and potato yield, with favorable B:C ratios resulting in higher profitability. Thus, to maximize profit, it would be advantageous to utilize silver on black plastic mulch with 4 kg/ha of zinc.</p>
ArticlesC ratioCanopy diameterGermination percentageMulchingSilver on black plasticTuber yieldZincMuna AryalKrishna Raj PandeySuman DhakalSanjeev TumbapoYagyaraj Joshi
Copyright (c) 2023 Muna Aryal, Krishna Raj Pandey, Suman Dhakal, Sanjeev Tumbapo, Yagyaraj Joshi
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2023-04-182023-04-18274110.21704/pja.v7i1.1979Evaluating the impact of various biofertilizer sources on growth and yield attributes of spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Eastern Terai of Nepal
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1977
<p>A field study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Ratuwamai, Morang, from February 2023 to June 2023 to assess the impact of various bio-fertilizer sources on the growth and yield characteristics of rice. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. The treatments included: T1: Recommended NPK dose (100:30:30 kg/ha), T2: Farmyard manure (FYM) (12 t/ha), T3: Goat manure (8 t/ha), T4: Mycorrhiza (11.25 kg/ha), T5: Organic manure (11.25 kg/ha), T6: Mustard seed cake (3.75 t/ha), and T7: Control (no fertilizer). Our investigation explored the significant effects of these treatments on the growth and yield-contributing attributes of the Chaite-4 rice variety. Results indicated that T1 (7021.47 kg/ha) and T2 (6681.70 kg/ha) exhibited the highest grain yield, followed by T3 (5128.35 kg/ha), T2 (4482.78 kg/ha), T5 (4335.79 kg/ha), T4 (4253.80 kg/ha), with T7 showing the lowest yield (3971.64 kg/ha). The maximum straw yield was observed in T1 (11037.50 kg/ha) and T6 (10644.16 kg/ha), while the control (T7) had the lowest (7681.66 kg/ha). Additionally, parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per hill, effective tillers per hill, panicle length, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight, grains per panicle, and SPAD value were highest in T1 and T6, and lowest in T7. Furthermore, the biofertilizers with the greatest benefit-to-cost ratios were organic manure and mycorrhiza (2.0 and 1.9, respectively), while goat manure showed an average ratio (1.6), indicating their cost-effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the application of these biofertilizers enhances rice crop development and output, leading to substantial returns on investment.</p>
ArticlesFertilizer ratePaddyYield performanceB: C ratioMycorrhizaDipesh Kumar MehataShubh Pravat Singh YadavNetra Prasad GhimireBiplov OliRupesh Kumar MehtaRavi Acharya
Copyright (c) 2023 Dipesh Kumar Mehata, Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav, Netra Prasad Ghimire, Biplov Oli, Rupesh Kumar Mehta, Ravi Acharya
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2023-12-302023-12-30200201910.21704/pja.v7i3.1977Sustainability of Amazonian fruit trees plots in Loreto, Peru
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1976
<p>This research aimed to: a) evaluate the vegetation indicators of Amazonian fruit trees with the diversity of weeds and soil with the number of arthropods in the plots of farmers that were established by INIA and IIAP in the area of influence of the road Iquitos - Nauta from the Loreto state, Perú, and b) evaluate the carbon sequestration, and the socio-economical and ecological sustainability of the plots with Amazonian fruit trees in the area of influence., Thirty-seven farmers were surveyed. The alpha indicator of vegetation diversity reached an index value of 2.07 and the arthropod index was 1.91. The highest carbon (C) value in the biomass was found in the guava fruit tree (<em>Inga edulis</em> Mart.) in plot 17, with a total carbon stock of 90 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> and a CO<sub>2</sub> flux value of 22 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, uvilla (<em>Pouroma cecropiifolia</em> Mart.) with pijuayo (<em>Bactris gasipaes</em> Kunth) reached a total C uptake of 117.19 t·ha<sup>-1</sup> with a CO<sub>2</sub> flow of 33.42 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>. The highest accumulation of C in the soil was in plot 23, with 66.5 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emission by 243.84 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>·a<sup>-1</sup>. In the sustainability evaluations, it was found that the economical, ecological, and socio-cultural dimensions reached values of 3.20, 3.33, and 2.04, respectively. It is concluded that Amazonian fruit trees are sustainable in the economic and ecological dimensions. However, in the sociocultural dimension, sustainability is weak.</p>
Articlessustainabilitybiodiversityarthropodscarbonamazonian fruit treesAldi Alida Guerra-TeixeiraJulio César Alegre-OrihuelaAlida Ivelice Vásquez-Guerra
Copyright (c) 2022 Aldi Alida Guerra-Teixeira, Julio César Alegre-Orihuela, Alida Ivelice Vásquez-Guerra
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2022-12-312022-12-3123925510.21704/pja.v6i3.1976Efficiency of Trichoderma viride as a biocontrol agent for Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1975
<p><em>Phytophthora capsici</em> is one of the most devastating pathogens that limits the production of Paprika (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) worldwide. Likewise, <em>Trichoderma viride</em> stands out as a biological agent due to its antagonistic effect, resistance inducer, growth stimulator, etc. The present work evaluated the effectiveness of <em>T. viride </em>as a biocontrol agent against P. capsici in Paprika using three growth methods (direct seeding, plantlet and bare root). Twelve treatments were developed under greenhouse conditions, including a control (without inoculum) and a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. <em>T. viride</em> inoculation was carried out 40 days after sowing at a concentration of 106 conidia ml<sup>-1</sup> while <em>P. capsici</em> was inoculated 50 days after sowing using three colonized wheat grains per plant. The inoculation method of the controlling agent in the direct seeding and plantlet was given by drench, and in the bare root was carried out by immersing of the seedling for 5 minutes prior to the transplant. Then, the correlation between plant growth method and <em>P. capsici</em>, and the interaction between <em>T. viride</em> and the plant growth method were made. The results showed that the highest efficacy of <em>T. viride</em> as a <em>P. capsici</em> biocontrol agent was in the method of the plantlet and bare root. The correlation between the method of growing crop and root rot was lower in bare root (74 % severity). In the other two treatments (direct seedling and plantlet) 100 % of plants were dead; finally, the effect of <em>T. viride</em> as a growth inducer was not evidenced in any of the treatments. Regarding AUDPC, the direct seeding method showed a higher incidence. The bare root planting method obtained the lowest value of the <em>T. viride</em> and <em>P. capsici</em> interaction. </p>
ArticlesBiocontrolCapsicum annuum LPhytophthora capsiciTrichoderma viridegrowth methodsV. RomeroL. AragónA. CasasW. Apaza
Copyright (c) 2022 Romero, V., Aragón, L., Casas, A., Apaza, W.
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2022-12-312022-12-3122923810.21704/pja.v6i3.1975Eclidean distance can recognize the best Stevia genotype and environment to produce rebaudioside and stevioside under controlled conditions
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1974
<p><em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> is considered an important medicinal plant possessing low-calorie glucoside sweeteners. The present work describes the comparison of three stevia genotypes (IBT 1, IBT 2 and IBT 3) in two contrasting environments simulated under controlled conditions: Sullana in Peru; and Misiones in Paraguay (regarded as the center of origin of Stevia). In the study, we explored the Euclidean distance as an <em>integrating indicator</em> for simultaneous selection of several stevia traits. Plant scientists often record multiple morphological, physiological and biochemical indicators in their experiments. Common statistical data evaluations involve univariate analyses such as t-test, Mann-Whitney and Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey HSD. However, these analyses do not evaluate integrally the effects of the experimental treatments because each indicator is analyzed independently. Euclidean distance from each treatment combination to the ideal phenotype of the stevia plantlets was calculated. IBT 2 grown in Sullana environmental conditions showed the best integral results, while IBT 1 displayed the worst results. esponse parameters to different contrasting environments. The analysis shown here indicates that the use of the Euclidean distance could contribute to establishing a more integrated evaluation of the contrasting Stevia genotypes. On the other hand, the Euclidean distance, as a non-dimensional indicator, can help to compare different phenotype traits.</p>
ArticlesBiostatisticsresearch methodsglucosidephenotypic traitssweet grassMaría de Lourdes Tapia y FigueroaLuz R. Gómez Pando
Copyright (c) 2022 María de Lourdes Tapia y Figueroa, Luz R. Gómez Pando
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2022-12-312022-12-3122222810.21704/pja.v6i3.1974Pest management of sesame in Ethiopia: A review
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1973
<p>Sesame is Ethiopia’s most significant oil crop, especially Tigray, Amhara, and some lowland Oromia, Somalia, and the Gambella region. Consequently, the crop is exposed to a wide range of insect pests feeding on leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds affecting sesame yields. This article review provides information on the biology, nature of the damage, and management methods of economically important sesame pests. Sesame webworm, <em>Antigastra catalaunalis</em> (Duponchel) is the most common and frequently encountered pre-harvest pest of sesame. Sesame seed bugs,<em> Elasmolmus sordidus</em> (Fabricus) is also the most serious under field and storage conditions. Gall fly, <em>Asphondylia sesami</em> (Felt) could become a severe insect issue because of sesame gall formation, and Indian meal moth, <em>Plodia interpunctella</em> (Hubner) is a critical stored pest and a significant challenging of crop sesame in Ethiopia. Reports on minor pests are also listed. This paper summarizes current knowledge on pest management strategies, including cultural, biological, and botanical methods, and pesticide applications. The information gathered here indicates that the bioecology, host range, host plant resistance, the occurrence of insecticide resistance, and the development of integrated pest management methods for economical insect pests need to be addressed.</p>
ReviewsGall flyIndian meal mothinfestationseed bugwebwormpest managementZemedkun AlemuWorkishet Taye
Copyright (c) 2022 Zemedkun Alemu, Workishet Taye
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2022-12-312022-12-3121022110.21704/pja.v6i3.1973Cost-effectiveness of agriculture risk management strategies for resilience to climate shocks in Niger State, Nigeria
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1966
<p>The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, to accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner is termed resilience. In this study we used a recent cross-sectional survey data of 293 farming households in Niger State, Nigeria to examine the cost effectiveness of risk management strategies for resilience to climate shocks. Benefit-cost analysis of mitigation strategies was examined where benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and net present value (NPV) were used as decision rules. The mitigation strategies mostly used were drought tolerant crops (62.8 %), crop diversification (60.8 %), buffer stock (54.6 %) and dry season farming (41.3 %). The result showed that about 52 % of the sampled households were food secure while 48 % of them were food insecure. The result showed that dry season rice farming had the highest net benefit (NB) and NPV ($ 199.98) while rain fed maize ($ 35.01) and rice had the least NPV; the result showed the NPV for drought tolerant crops- cassava ($ 170.25), millets ($ 101.58) and sorghum ($ 96.43). The study recommends that households should take up dry season rice farming and grow drought tolerant crops such as cassava, millets and sorghum. Governments should invest in and research and breeding of drought tolerant crops in order to improve food security and household resilience.</p>
Articlesbenefit-costrisk managementresiliencefood securityirrigation farmingAdedayo Olufemi AdekunleRaphael Olanrewaju BabatundeSegun Bamidele FakayodeMorolake Bolaji
Copyright (c) 2022 Adedayo Olufemi Adekunle, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Segun Bamidele Fakayode, Morolake Bolaji
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2022-12-312022-12-3120020910.21704/pja.v6i3.1966Identification of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) with tolerance to drought conditions at the central coast of Peru
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1964
<p>Wheat is sown mostly in Peru, in areas above 3000 m altitude, under rainfed conditions and frequent drought problems during the crop cycle. It is a cereal used as a staple food by the families of small-scale farmers who are dedicated to their cultivation, which is why it is necessary to develop varieties with drought tolerance. This investigation had as objectives (1) to determine the yield potential of wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions, (2) to determine the susceptibility indices and drought tolerance, and (3) to identify drought tolerant genotypes. Nine genotypes introduced from CIMMYT and the commercial variety “Centenario” wheat flour (<em>Triticum aestivu</em>m L.) were studied in an environment with complete irrigation during the life cycle and another environment with terminal drought stress or deficit irrigation applied in the boot phase (Z4.0). A Random Complete Blocks design was used with three repetitions. Agronomic characteristics, quality evaluations were carried out following the established protocols for each characteristic evaluated and the stress tolerance indices (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance index (TOL), and stress susceptibility index (SSI), were determined. The reduction in the grain yield varied from 17.95 % to 33.27 % mainly due to drought. The SSI ranged from 0.65 (G-3) to 1.21 (G-6 y G-9), meanwhile the TOL ranged from 1 316.8 (G-3) to 3 142.68 (G-7). The MP, STI and GMP indexes allowed the identification of genotypes with the greatest tolerance to irrigation and stress conditions of the 5 genotypes: G- 1, G-2, G-7, G-8 and G- 10. These results are important for developing new varieties that adapt to drought conditions and to face climate change in the Andean region.</p>
ArticlesBread wheatdroughttolerance indexgenotypesL. Gomez-PandoIan DoodDiego Zamudio AyalaDenisse Deza MontoyaAna Eguiluz de la Barra
Copyright (c) 2022 Gomez-Pando, Ian Dood, Diego Zamudio Ayala, Denisse Deza Montoya, Ana Eguiluz de la Barra
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2022-08-302022-08-3017519010.21704/pja.v6i2.1964Research trend in latex harvesting of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) based on bibliographic analysis
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1769
<p>The rubber plant (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em> Muell. Arg.) is the main natural rubber-producing species. Researches on rubber has been carried out for more than a century. Researchers and academics should stay up to date with the current scientific issues including latex harvesting in <em>H. brasiliensis</em> Muell. Arg. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature indexed by Scopus and published from 2018 to 2022. The literature was categorized into three sub-topics i.e., latex harvesting techniques (38 papers), physiological mechanisms (41 papers), and oxidative stress induced by latex harvesting practices (18 papers). Metadata validation was performed using Mendeley reference management software and bibliometric analysis was carried out using VOSviewer bibliometric network visualization software. The results on the latex harvesting technique showed that most of the articles were related to the development of automatic tapping machines. This indicates a trend that latex harvesting techniques are likely shifting from manual tapping to fully automated methods using machines and robots. In terms of physiological mechanisms related to latex production, the mechanism of rubber biosynthesis and ethylene response at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels predominated the finding. Research on oxidative stress induced by tapping mainly focuses on the effects of mechanical wounding and ethylene stimulation, while research on antioxidants is still limited. In the past five years, biotechnology and molecular analysis are the main tools to study physiological mechanisms and oxidative stress. This can be a consideration for scientists and research institutions to develop laboratories and human resources to be able to conduct molecular-based research. </p>
ArticlesHevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.ethylene stimulationmechanizationoxidative stressrubber biosynthesisJunaidi Junaidi
Copyright (c) 2022 Junaidi Junaidi
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2022-08-302022-08-3015917410.21704/pja.v6i2.1769Detection of Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus (FNSV) in fique seed (Furcraea macrophylla Baker) to prevent the spread of the macana disease
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1957
<p>The fique crop has great potential for the development of the natural fiber market as a beneficial alternative for the protection of the environment. In Colombia, one of the main limitations of fiber production in fique plants is the viral disease Macana caused by Furcraea Necrotic Streak Virus (FNSV). This work aimed to validate the detection of FNSV in asexual planting material from one of the main producing areas and thus contribute to preventing the spread of the disease in the country. The analysis of plants from different geographic altitudes in Cauca, Colombia, showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of Macana disease (being more significant at higher altitudes) but not with the severity of the symptoms. The detection of FNSV on seeds by dot blot immunobinding assay (DBIA) using a polyclonal antibody IgY showed sensitivity (79 %) and specificity (80 %) when sprouts were analyzed, at the same time, for bulbils, the sensitivity was higher (100 %). Moreover, when sprouts were analyzed by the RT-PCR based on FNSV movement protein and polymerase-associated proteins, the sensitivity and specificity were 94 % and 50 %, respectively, in contrast, in the case of bulbils, the specificity was higher (100 %). Additionally, the results showed no uniformity in the distribution of the viral particles on vegetal tissue of infected plants, which is necessary to use the largest amount of tissue possible to perform the detection. As part of the optimization of the techniques, it was shown that plant tissue samples could be collected, transported, and stored on filter paper, allowing the detection of the virus 60 days after collection.</p>
ArticlesMacanairal diagnosisRT-PCRDBIAfiqueFNSVnatural fibervalidationMaira GameroDaniel OrtízGloria Barrera
Copyright (c) 2023 Maira Gamero, Daniel Ortiz, Gloria Barrera
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2023-04-272023-04-27698110.21704/pja.v7i1.1957Forage oat (Avena sativa L.) an important transitory crop for feeding animals in Peruvian highlands
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1949
<p>El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar diferentes bases de datos institucionales relacionadas con el área cosechada, rendimiento y producción de los cultivos de avena forrajera, del 2017 al 2022, a nivel regional y nacional. Para ello, se tomó información de datos estadísticos de 14 regiones donde se cultiva avena en el Perú. La presente investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, al utilizar los datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) y el Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI). Los datos recolectados fueron organizados en un grupo de hojas de cálculo de Excel 365, posteriormente se utilizó el mismo software para el procesamiento y análisis de los datos. Los resultados mostraron que la avena tuvo la mayor superficie sembrada entre los cultivos transitorios del país. Durante el periodo de datos analizados, la región Puno incrementó su área cosechada de avena forrajera en 16,31 % (68 040 ha en 2017 a 79 139 ha en 2022) y obtuvo el mayor rendimiento medio (28,32 t.ha-1) y producción (2 138 637,62 t) que las demás regiones y produjo principalmente el 80,12 % de la producción del país (2 669 276,67 t) de forraje fresco.</p>
Articlesforage oat (Avena sativa L.)highlandsindicatorsharvested areayieldsproductionJavier Arias CarbajalFernando Jesús Passoni TellesEdgardo Arturo Vilcara Cárdenas
Copyright (c) 2023 Javier Arias Carbajal, Fernando Jesús Passoni Telles, Edgardo Arturo Vilcara Cárdenas
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2023-08-252023-08-259710510.21704/pja.v7i2.1949Use of biorational insecticides for the management of storage insect pests: A review
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1767
<p>Pests of various species cause havoc on storage grains, resulting in both qualitative and quantitative grain losses. Insect pests feed stored grains and reduce the weight, nutritional content, and germination of these grains. Contamination, odor, mold, and heat damage are also caused by infestations, decreasing the grain’s quality and rendering it unfit for human or animal consumption. Commercial grain buyers might choose between refusing to accept insect-infested grain or paying a reduced price for it. Various pest management practices have been tried. The emergence of insecticidal and fungicidal resistance, as well as damage to non-target organisms and acute and chronic effects on humans and the environment have necessitated the use of biorational methods over chemical control of storage-product pests. The term biorational refers to several products that are relatively non-toxic and have few environmental adverse effects. Biorational techniques, such as the use of microbials, pheromones, and food attractants, natural enemies, botanicals, and biological control, were used as alternatives to chemical pesticides for suppressing and controlling storage-product pests. To ensure food security and agricultural sustainability, the use of such biorational chemicals is unavoidable.</p>
Reviewsgrain infestationmicrobialspheromonesbotanicalsnatural enemiesSovit ParajuliAavash AdhikariSandip PaudelDipesh OliSagar BhandariJiban Shrestha
Copyright (c) 2022 Sovit Parajuli, Aavash Adhikari, Sandip Paudel, Dipesh Oli, Sagar Bhandari, Jiban Shrestha
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2022-08-302022-08-3013214610.21704/pja.v6i2.1767Impact of two tillage practices on selected soil properties, growth and yield of maize on an ultisol
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1933
<p>This study investigated the effect of two tillage practices on maize yield and growth, and selected soil properties of an Ultisol of Osun State in Nigeria. This was aimed at selecting an appropriate tillage practice for crop growth and soil maintenance. The study was divided into two experimental plots during the early and late cropping season in 2014. The first plot was manually cleared to have zero tillage while the second plot was plowed twice and harrowed once for conventional tillage. Each plot had three blocks (23.0 m x 2.5 m) with an alley of 1.0 m between blocks and 1.0 m within plots. Three seeds of the test crop were a distance of 75 cm x 50 cm per hill and each plot weeded manually at two weeks intervals till harvest. The selected soil physical and chemical properties and plant growth parameters were collected and determined using standard method after each cropping season. At the end of the experiment zero tillage, had the highest plant height and soil values compared to conventional tillage. Zero tillage also had higher soil chemical values when compared to conventional tillage. The grain yield showed a significant difference between the tillage practices. Zero tillage had a higher yield (1.71 t/ha) when compared with conventional tillage (0.97 t/ha). The study concluded that zero tillage was a better alternative for crop growth and soil maintenance of an Ultisol.</p>
ArticlesConventional tillageMaize cropplowharrowedultisolOluwatosin Komolafe
Copyright (c) 2022 Oluwatosin Komolafe
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2022-08-302022-08-3012313110.21704/pja.v6i2.1933Effects of Salinity on three Mandarin Cultivars grafted on two different Rootstocks
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1930
<p>Citrus, one of the most important fruit crops in the world and also they are sensitive to salt stress. The negative effects of stresses often lead to reductions in fruit yield and quality. To assess the effects of salinity on some growth traits, a greenhouse test was performed with the cultivars ‘Mihowase’, ‘Primosole’ and ‘W. Murcott’ as grafted on ‘Cleopatra’ and ‘Swingle citrumelo’ as rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at the Agrarian Experimental Station of National Institution for Agricultural Innovation in Donoso-Huaral, ubicated 90 km north of Lima. The plants were irrigated with water plus NaCl with an Electrical Conductivity of 0.5 or 4.5 dS/m as salt stress. The variables under evaluation were leave losses, fresh and dry weight of stem, leaves and roots as well as relative water content in the plants. The results showed that the rootstocks ‘Cleopatra’ was more tolerant than ‘Swingle citrumelo’. The cultivars used as scions affected both rootstocks in all the evaluated traits being more notorious in the amount of feeding roots. Selection of mandarin trees for production shout take in consideration the combination scion/rootstock.</p>
ArticlesMandarinSalt stressrootstocks‘Cleopatra’‘Swingle citrumelo’R. VelásquezC. BurgaL. Vargas
Copyright (c) 2022 R. Velásquez, C. Burga, L. Vargas
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2022-08-302022-08-3011412210.21704/pja.v6i2.1930Incidence of leaf diseases in the agroforestry systems at Yurimaguas, Peru
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1733
<p>An agroforestry system (SAF) is characterized by having a diversity of components, such as timber and non-timber forest species and crops, pastures, or a livestock production system. This diversity of components in the system reduces the intensity of diseases, e.g. foliar diseases. This study aimed to detect the fungal microorganisms associated with the leaf spots of plant species that are part of the agroforestry production systems of the Peruvian farmers from Yurimaguas and to determine the level of incidence of the leaf spots in the systems of agroforestry production. Different land cropping systems were implemented in the farms, such as palm (Bactris gasipaes) to produce palm hearts, cocoa (Theobroma cacao), and plantain (Mussa sp.). Also, silvopastoral systems with fast and slow growing timber species and cattle with pastures for grazing and reforestation in areas of secondary forests in a state of degradation. Prospecting, collecting, and determining the incidence of diseases in each farm were carried out and later they were identified with molecular methods using the primers ITS 1 and ITS 4. The symptoms predominantly observed were, leaf spots in cocoa (rootstock), palm, and plantain. Symptoms like wilting, decline, or rot were not observed. The incidence was evaluated in two collection periods (2018 and 2019). The fungi isolated from the leaf spots were Pestalotiopsis sydowiana and Colletotrichum siamense as causative agents of leaf spots on palm and cocoa, and Mycosphaerella fijiensis on plantain. When determining the incidence from April 2018 to October 2019, a decrease in this parameter (incidence) was observed for farms with palm, especially in those where the production system was improved by the use of fertilizants as a requirement of the crop. It was concluded that the highest intensity of foliar diseases occurred in agricultural systems with monoculture of palm with 100 % at the beginning of the evaluation, and for agroforestry systems in the silvopastoral prototype, it was only detected in a range of 0 % to 25 %.</p>
ArticlesAgroforestry SystemsLeaf spotspalmL. AragónH. HuarhuaM. CernaJ. FloresF. DueñasC.P. LaoR. Solisj. Alegre
Copyright (c) 2022 L. Aragón, H. Huarhua, M. Cerna, J. Flores, F. Dueñas, C.P. Lao, R. Solis, J. Alegre
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2022-04-302022-04-309310210.21704/pja.v6i1.1733Sustainability of agroecological farms in Toacaso, Cotopaxi-Ecuador
https://revistas.lamolina.edu.pe/index.php/jpagronomy/article/view/1766
<p>The objective of this research was to determine the consequences of the adoption of agroecological production systems in the parish of Toacaso in terms of social, environmental, economic, and general sustainability. Considering the economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions, the methodology proposed by Sarandón (2002) was used to determine the indicators. The methodology proposed by Ortiz and Pradel (2009) was adopted in the evaluation of impacts in Integrated Pest Management programs. Surveys with questions related to the social, economic, and environmental consequences were conducted on 44 agroecological farmers and 44 conventional producers in the parish of Toacaso. Additionally, a sample of 44 conventional producers from the parish of Mulaló was identified as “control” treatment, which allowed to perform a comparison with and without the adoption of agroecological practices. The 27.27% of the 44 productive units that implemented the agroecological production system achieved general sustainability, the average general sustainability index was 2.16, where 86.36% achieved environmental sustainability, 47.72% economic sustainability, and 47.73% social sustainability.</p>
Articlessustainabilityenvironmental sustainabilityeconomic sustainabilitysocial sustainabilityadoptionagroecologyJacquelyn Pacheco-JiménezOscar Ortiz-Oblitas
Copyright (c) 2022 Jacquelyn Pacheco-Jiménez, Oscar Ortiz-Oblitas
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2022-04-302022-04-3010311310.21704/pja.v6i1.1766