Growth of “shihuahuaco” Dipteryx ferrea (Ducke) Ducke in plantations under different spacings and soil types in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/rfp.v39i2.1829Keywords:
Dipteryx ferrea, growth, survival, productivity, competition, initial spacingAbstract
The results of experimental trials with Dipteryx ferrea (Ducke) Ducke, a forest species commonly known as "shihuahuaco", established under four different forest and agroforestry systems at the Alexander von Humboldt Experimental Center, Ucayali, at an altitude of 225 meters above sea level, are presented. These systems were differentiated by spatial arrangement, initial spacing, soil type, and were 11 years old. Measurements of total height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, and timber volume of the plantations were obtained. The results demonstrate the growth potential, survival, and productivity of D. ferrea in both pure and mixed open-field plantations. System 1, on Plinthic acrisol soil, flat physiography, and 5 × 5 m spacing, showed the highest average DBH, total height, and dominant height, with values of 20.23 cm, 13.9 m, and 16.8 m, respectively. These results are statistically superior (p < 0.05) to those of other analyzed plantations and indicate promising performance. In terms of productivity, system 3, on Plinthic gleysol soil, flat physiography, and 2 × 2 m spacing, exhibited the highest values of basal area and roundwood volume, with 38.40 m2 /ha and 243.3 m3 /ha, respectively, statistically superior to the other systems, but also heavily influenced by the high plantation density. These findings suggest encouraging prospects for establishing D. ferrea plantations in forestry settings.
Downloads
References
Alves-Milho, S. 2018. Potencial de mejoramiento genético en Dipteryx panamensis Pittier (Fabaceae). Tesis de Maestría. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica. 166 p.
Angulo, D. 2014. Factores edáficos que influyen en el crecimiento de las plantaciones de “Shihuahuaco” Dipteryx odorata (Aublet Willd) de 04 años, establecido en un suelo degradado, región Ucayali. Tesis Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. 100 p.
Bahru, T; Eshete, N; Woldemariam, Z. 2023. Effect of spacing on survival and growth performance of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden at Holeta Research Site, Central Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research 2023: 9957776. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi. com/journals/ijfr/2023/9957776/.
Binkley, D. 2021. Forest Ecology: An Evidence-Based Approach, 1st ed.; Wiley-Blackwell: Hoboken, NJ, USA. 266 p.
Brasil, AB; de Queiroz Xavier Brasil, NM; Lima, PI; Falcão, AC; Cornejo, N; Maklouf, EJ; Resende, A; Schwartz, G. 2021. The commercial tree species Dipteryx odorata improves soil physical and biological attributes in abandoned pastures. Ecological Engineering 160: 106143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.10614
Burley, J; Wood, PJ. 1979. Manual sobre investigaciones de especies y procedencias con referencia especial a los trópicos. In Burley, J; Wood, P.J. (eds.). CFI Tropical Forestry n° 10. Universidad de Oxford. p. 1-233.
Caetano-Andrade, V; Schöngart, J; Espindola, W; Melinski, R; Silva, F; Dobrindt, R. 2021. Advances in increment coring system for large tropical trees with high wood densities. Dendrochronologia 68: 125860. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125860.
Cárdenas, GP; Bravo, N.; Barboza, E; Salazar, W; Ocaña, J; Vázquez, M; Lobato, R; Injante, P; Arbizu, CI. 2023. Current and future distribution of shihuahuaco (Dipteryx Spp.) under climate change scenarios in the Central-Eastern Amazon of Peru. Sustainability 15: 7789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107789.
Carvalho, P. 2008. Espécies arbóreas brasileiras. Coleção Espécies Arbóreas Brasileiras, v. 3. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica; Colombo, PR: Embrapa Florestas. 593 p.
Carvalho, C; Cavalcante de Lima, H; Lemes, M; Zartman, C; van den Berg, C; García-Dávila, C; Honorio, E; Mader, M; Paredes-Villanueva, K; Tysklind, N; Cardoso, D. 2023. A dated phylogeny of the Neotropical Dipterygeae clade reveals 30 million years of winged papilionate floral conservatism in the otherwise florally labile early-branching papilionoid legumes, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 202(4):449–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ botlinnean/boad003.
Carvalho, C; Lima, H; Lemes, M; Cardoso, D. 2024. Andean uplift, climatic events, and rainforest bridges determined the spatiotemporal evolution of the cumaru and tonka beans (Dipterygeae: Leguminosae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: boae015. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae015.
Chávez, J; Sabogal, C. 2019. Restoring Degraded Forest Land with Native Tree Species: The Experience of “Bosques Amazónicos” in Ucayali, Peru. Forests 10(10): 851. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/851.
CITES. 2023. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: Appendices I, II and III: valid from 25 November 2023. Geneva: CITES Secretariat. Disponible en: https://bvearmb.do/handle/123456789/3777.
Córdova, JL. 2018. Influencia de la edad de los árboles en la calidad de la plantación de shihuahuaco (Dipteryx odorata Aublet Willd.), ubicado en el distrito de Campo Verde, Provincia de Coronel Portillo, Departamento de Ucayali. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. 70 p.
Cruz, RE. 2022. Growth and survival of juvenile trees of primary forest species in enrichment plantings in novel forests of north-western Puerto Rico. Master of Science in Agronomy. University of Puerto Rico. Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 94 p. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle. net/20.500.11801/2977.
da Silva, J; Pauletto, D; da Silva, AF; Carvalho, CDSdS; Nascimento, H. 2020. Morfometria de plantios de Dipteryx odorata Aubl Willd (Cumaru) no Oeste do Pará. Advances in Forestry Science 7(3): 1171–1180. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.34062/afs.v7i3.9263. de Carvalho, CS.,
de Fraga, CN., Cardoso, DBOS; Lia, HC. 2020. Tonka, baru and cumaru: Nomenclatural overview, typification and updated checklist of Dipteryx (Leguminosae). Taxon 69(3): 582–592. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1002/tax.12238.
de Sousa, L; Pauletto, D; Gómez, E; da Silva, ÁF; de Sousa, TG; da Silva, P; Baloneque, DD; Martorano, L. 2023. Dendrometric relationships and biomass in commercial plantations of Dipteryx spp. in the Eastern Amazon. Forests 14(11):2167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ f14112167.
Erasmus, J; Drew, M; Wessels, C. 2020. The flexural lumber properties of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. improve with decreasing initial tree spacing. Annals of Forest Science 77: 73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13595-020-00975-9.
FAO - UNESCO (Food and Agriculture Organization - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 1974. Soil Map of the World 1:1 000 000. Vol. I. Legend. UNESCO. Paris, France.
Flores, Y. 2020. Ecología, silvicultura y productividad de Dipteryx ferrea (Ducke) Ducke. INIA – Programa Nacional Forestal. Lima, Perú. 35 p.
Galloway, G. 2004. Dinámica de rodales. Turrialba, Costa Rica. CATIE. 20 p.
García, C; Aldana, D; Renno, J-F; Diaz, R; Hidalgo, G; Flores, G; Honorio, E. 2019. Molecular evidence for three genetic species of Dipteryx in the Peruvian Amazon. Genética148(1):11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10709-019-00082-2.
Gonçalves, A. 2022. Stand Structure Impacts on Forest Modelling. Applied Sciences 12(14): 6963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ app12146963.
Guariguata, M; Rheingans, R; Montagnini, F. 1995. Early woody invasion under tree plantations in Costa Rica: implications for forest restoration. Restauration Ecology 3(4): 252–260.
Hébert, F; Krause, C; Plourde, P-Y; Achim, A; Prégent, G; Ménétrier, J. 2016. Effect of tree spacing on tree level volume growth, morphology, and wood properties in a 25-Year-Old Pinus banksiana Plantation in the Boreal Forest of Quebec. Forests 7(11): 276. DOI: https://doi. org/10.3390/f7110276.
Honorio, E; Aldana, D; Flores, G; Hidalgo, G; Mejía, E; Del Castillo, D; García, C. 2018. Fichas de identificación de las especies de Dipteryx de la Amazonía peruana. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana. Disponible en https://repositorio.iiap.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12921/370.
Honorio, E; Jolivet, C; Mader, M; García-Dávila, C; Sebbenn, A. 2019. Development of nuclear and plastid SNP markers for genetic studies of Dipteryx tree species in Amazonia. Conservation Genetics Resources 11(37):1-4. Disponible en https://hal.science/hal-02215841v1
Honorio, E; Blanc-Jolivet, C; Mader, M; García, C; Aldana, D; del Castillo, D; Flores, G; Hidalgo, G; Sebbenn, A; Meyer, B; Paredes, K; Tysklind, N; Troispoux, V; Massot, M; Carvalho, C; de Lima, HC; Cardoso, D; Degen, B. 2020. SNP markers as a successful molecular tool for assessing species identity and geographic origin of trees in the economically important South American legume genus Dipteryx. Journal of Heredity 111(4):346–356. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1093/jhered/esaa011.
Huiza, J. 2019. Comportamiento a la trabajabilidad de la madera de Dipteryx ferrea (Ducke) Ducke, (shihuahuaco), de una plantación de 16 años de edad y su variación en los diferentes niveles longitudinales del fuste, proveniente de la provincia de Padre Abad, Ucayali. Tesis Ing. For. Pucallpa, Perú, Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. 81 p.
INIAA-JICA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Agroindustrial, Perú). 1991. Manual silvicultural. Informe final del Proyecto Estudio Conjunto sobre Investigación y Ex perimentación en Regeneración de Bosques en la Región Amazónica de la República del Perú. Japón. 260 p.
ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization, Japón). 2023. Tropical Timber Market Report. International Tropical Timber Organization 27(3): 1-26. Disponible en https://www. itto.int/files/user/mis/MIS_1-15_Feb2023.pdf.
Kershaw, JA; Ducey, MJ; Beers, TW; Husch, B. 2016. Forest Mensuration; John Wiley y Sons, Ltd.: Chichester, UK. 633 p.
Kim, DS; Iida, F. 2022. Nutritional composition of Tonka Bean (Dipteryx odorata) and its application as an elder-friendly food with gelling agent. Gels 8(11):704. Disponible en https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC9689476/.
Meredieu, C; Perret, S; Dreyfus, P. 2002. Modelling dominant height growth: effect of stand density. In Workshop on Reali ty models and parameters estimation: the forestry scenario, Sesimbra, Portugal, 2-5 June 2002. pp.111-121. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1079/9780851996936.0111.
Mondragón, G. 2023. Respuesta silvicultural de ocho especies forestales nativas y exóticas de valor comercial instaladas en plantaciones forestales en la Amazonia peruana. Tesis M. Sc. Bosques y Gestión de Recursos Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. 207 p.
Oliver, C; Larson, B. 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 467 p.
Pancel, L; Köhl, M. 2016. Tropical Forestry Handbook, Second Edition. Springer-Verlag. 3633 p.
Pérez, R. 2023. Análisis comparativo del módulo de elasticidad y densidad básica por dos métodos de evaluación de la madera de Dipteryx ferrea (Ducke) Ducke (shihuahuaco), Pucallpa – Ucayali. Tesis. Ing. For. Pucallpa, Ucayali, Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. 76 p.
Pinnschmidt, A; Yousefpour, R; Nölte, A. 2023. Economic potential and management of tropical mixed-species plantations in Central America. New Forests 54: 565–586. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/s11056-022-09937-7.
Piña-Rodrigues, F; Santana da Silva, J. 2021. Silvicultura tropical [livro eletrônico]: o potencial madeireiro e não madeireiro das espécies tropicais. Sorocaba, SP, Brasil: Ed. dos Autores. 596 p. Consultado 20 mayo 2024. Disponible en: https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7603481/mod_resource/content/1/ Silvicultura%20Tropical%20-%20o%20poten cial%20madeireiro%20e%20n%C3%A3o%20 madeireiro%20das%20esp%C3%A9cies%20 tropicais.pdf.
Piotto, D. 2008. A meta-analysis comparing tree growth in monocultures and mixed plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 255(3– 4):781-786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foreco.2007.09.065.
POWO (Plants of the World Online). 2023. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Consultado 10 marzo 2024. Disponible en http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org.
Redondo-Brenes, A; Montagnini, F. 2006. Growth, productivity, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration of pure and mixed tree plantations in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management 232(1-3): 168–178. Disponible en https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0378112706003872.
Rodríguez, D; Moya, R; Murillo, O; Gaitán, J; Badilla, Y. 2022. Variation and genetic control of the heartwood, sapwood, bark, wood color parameter, and physical and mechanical properties of Dipteryx panamensis in Costa Rica. Forests 13(1):106. DOI: https://doi. org/10.3390/f13010106.
Rolim, SG; Piotto, D. 2018. Silviculture and Wood Properties of Natives Species of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Ed. Rupestre, Belo Horizonte, 164 p.
Román-Dañobeytia, F; Cabanillas, F; Lefebvre, D. 2020. Survival and early growth of 51 tropical tree species in areas degraded by artisanal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecology Engineeing 159:106097. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106097.
RStudio Team. 2020. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. Disponible en http://www.rstudio.com/.
Santos, T; Martins, K; Aguiar, A; Baptista Filho, J; Menucelli, J; Faria, R; Moura, R; Machado, J; Longui, J. 2021. Growth and Wood Quality Traits in a Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae) Progeny and Provenance Test. Forest Science 67(4):468–477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ forsci/fxab010.
Schmidt, F. 2009. The effect of site selection on the growth of Dipteryx panamensis in timber plantations in Costa Rica and Panama. Master Of Science in Tropical Forestry and Management. Dresden, Alemania: University of Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Geo and Hydro Sciences. Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences. 108 p
Selaya, N; Zuidema, P; Baraloto, C; Vicent, A; Brienen, R; Pitman, N; Brown, F; Duchelle, A; Araujo-Murakami, A; Oliveira, L; Vasquez, G. 2017. Economically important species dominate aboveground carbon storage in forests of southwestern Amazonia. Ecology and Society 22(2):40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES09297-220240.
SERFOR (Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, Perú). 2023a. Cartilla para la identificación botánica de las especies de los géneros Dipteryx (shihuahuaco) y Handroanthus (tahuarí) en el Perú. Lima. 34 p.
SERFOR (Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, Perú). 2023b. Reporte preliminar sobre el estado poblacional de los géneros Dipteryx y Handroantus en el Perú. SERFOR - Dirección de Inventario y Valoración. Lima. 77 p.
Sharma, M; Amateis, RL; Burkhart, HE. 2002. Top height definition and its effect on site index determination in thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 168(1-3): 163–175.
Silva, F; Costa, A; Müller, C. 2020. Dipteryx alata, a tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado, is sensitive to the herbicide nicosulfuron. Ecotoxicology 29: 217–225. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/s10646-019-02154-7.
Sousa, B; Gomes, A; Viana, S; Silva, B; Barata, L; Sartoratto, A; Lustosa, D; Vieira, T. 2023. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts from different parts of Dipteryx punctata (S. F. Blake) Amshoff. Applied Sciences 13(17): 9600. DOI: https://doi. org/10.3390/app13179600.
Tilman, D; Knops, J; Wedin, D; Reich, P; Siemann, E. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277: 1300-1302. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1300.
Ugalde, L. 2002. El sistema MIRA-SILV (Manejo de Información sobre Recursos Arbóreos), Componente de Silvicultura. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE). Turrialba, Costa Rica. 110 p.
Vásquez, W; Ugalde, L. 1994. Rendimiento y calidad de sitio para Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Bombacopsis quinata y Pinus caribaea en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Informe Final Convenio de Cooperación, Proyecto Forestal Chorotega (IDA/FAO) y Proyecto Madeleña-3/ CATIE. 42 p. West, PW. 2015. Tree and Forest Measurement. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14708-6 2015.
Wright, JW. 1964. Mejoramiento genético de los árboles forestales. FAO, Roma. 437 p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ymber Flores
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
