Elementos extractables con cloruro de potasio y acetato de amonio en suelos ácidos del Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v79i2.915Palabras clave:
suelo, ácido, extracción, elementos, acidez, cloruro de potasio, acetato de amonio, Perú.Resumen
Cantidades de elementos extractables con soluciones de cloruro de potasio (KCl) y acetato de amonio (CH3COONH4) comúnmente se designan como fracción intercambiable del suelo y sirven como índices de disponibilidad de nutrientes para plantas cultivadas y del peligro potencial existente en suelos contaminados. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar las cantidades de Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, H, Mg, Mn y Zn extractables con KCl y de K y Na extractables con CH3COONH4 en un grupo muy diverso de muestras de suelos ácidos del Perú y describir sus patrones de variación. Las concentraciones extractables promedio decrecieron en el orden Ca > Al > K > Mg > Fe > Na > H > Mn > Zn > Cu, mientras que las fracciones molares extractables medias disminuyeron de acuerdo con la secuencia Al > Ca > K > Mg > Na > H > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. Los datos mostraron una variabilidad muy alta. En promedio, las concentraciones Ca y Al sumaron 70 % del total. Al añadir K y Mg, se alcanzó 90 %. El pH estuvo directamente relacionado con el contenido de Mg y, en orden decreciente, con Ca y Na. Por otra parte, el pH presentó una relación inversa con los contenidos de Al, Cu, Fe, H y Zn. Las muestras con pH menor que tres y mayores contenidos de Cu, Fe y Zn del estudio tuvieron una porción soluble en agua significativa del total extractable.
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