Contributions of the various economies to the forest economy from the perspective of complexity

Abstract

This article discusses the contributions of the various economies to the forest economy from the perspective of complexity. Peru's forestry economy is part of the neoliberal capitalist system and is therefore mercantilist and conceives of forests as forest resources that should generate contributions to the national economy through their sustainable use and conservation. The objective of the article is to enrich the debate on forest economics, forestry development and its framework for action in Peru. For this purpose, a review of specialized bibliography is carried out and complemented with previous works by the author, who has been exploring forestry sciences beyond strictly disciplinary perspectives. The review concludes that the various types of economics have emerged as responses to the criticisms of conventional economics, although most of them have not been able to fully detach themselves from their neoclassical matrix oriented towards infinite growth based on the maintenance of modes of production and consumption. A few are openly critical and transformative. All proposals have in some way taken note of the criticism of the underestimation of environmental and social considerations so that the level of commitment to sustainability varies between weak sustainability, strong sustainability and super-strong sustainability. The various economies offer specificities that are important to take into account in a forest economy that until now had maintained its neoliberal imprint, without opening up to other expressions of the economy, beyond the circular economy and the green economy. This limitation prevents it from moving away from the hegemonic approach and misses opportunities to enrich its theoretical approach and strengthen forestry and wildlife policies. It is necessary to review the human relationship with forests in order to address this issue in a comprehensive manner.