Eficiencia de los métodos de diagnóstico de la preñez en el desempeño reproductivo de bovinos: Meta-análisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v84i1.1757Palabras clave:
preñez, ganado, desempeño reproductivo, ISG-PAG-TRUS, razón de probabilidadesResumen
Los métodos de diagnóstico de preñez temprana tradicionales son la palpación rectal (PR) o la ultrasonografía transrectal (TRUS) antes de los días 35-45 post IA. Existen pruebas alternativas como la prueba de progesterona (P4), la glicoproteína asociada a la preñez (PAG) y los genes estimulados por interferón (ISG). Con el objetivo de determinar el método de diagnóstico de preñez con más precisión y con mayor similitud en comparación con la palpación rectal o ultrasonido (gold standard). Se realizó un enfoque estático utilizando un meta-análisis de efectos aleatorios que incluía cuatro métodos de detección temprana de gestación. Un resultado reproductivo de interés fue la precisión de diagnóstico de vacas preñadas para cada método. Todos los resultados nos muestran relación de probabilidades (OR) superior a 1, lo que significa que existe una mayor probabilidad de detectar vacas preñadas utilizando estas metodologías en lugar del estándar de oro. Aunque, el único método con un resultado significativo (p<0,05) es la prueba P4. Como el valor de OR supera 1, significa que el método evaluado detecta con más precisiones vacas preñadas en comparación con el patrón oro. Esta diferencia numérica significaría que todos los animales diagnosticados inicialmente como positivos (vacas gestantes) o sufrieron mortalidad embrionaria/fetal o fueron diagnosticados como falsos positivos. De lo contrario, cuando el valor de OR esté más cerca de 1, significa que la precisión de diagnóstico de las vacas preñadas se mantendrá hasta el segundo método de diagnóstico (estándar de oro). En este estudio, la prueba TRUS fue la más cercana a 1. En conclusión, la detección del embarazo por el método de la progesterona está relacionada con altas tasas de falsos positivos o mortalidad embrionaria. El método TRUS es el método que tiene mayor similitud con el patrón oro cuando se trata de vacas preñadas, seguido por PAG e ISG.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Natalia Sofia Vindrola Muñóz, Edwin Alberto Mellisho Salas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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