Exploration of filamentous fungi of Canary Island date palm soils in Mexico City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v85i2.1007Keywords:
fungal diversity, soil, urban tree health, PDA-TSAbstract
The soils of Mexico City (CDMX) are heterogeneous, compact, with an alkaline pH, and with low microbiological diversity. In this context, the objective of the present study was to explore the diversity of filamentous fungi in Canarian palm soils with contrasting health conditions during the dry and rainy season 2022. 55 Canary Island palms with different health categories were sampled. From each one, soil was collected from two concentric rings and samples composed of each ring and each palm were formed, for which the pH and electrical conductivity were first determined. To know their fungal populations, the soil dilution technique in PDA-TS (potato-dextrose-agar-tergitol-streptomycin) culture medium was used. Identification was based on cultural and morphological characteristics. In the soils of the study area, a richness of seven fungal species was found, Aspergillus niger was the most abundant, representing 94.5% of the fungal community, while Fusarium oxysporum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Nalanthamala vermoesenii, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., and a dark mycelium fungus, represented the remaining 5.5%. A. niger, F. oxysporum, C. cladosporioides and Penicillium spp. showed variation according to the season. Regarding the health category of the palms, significant differences were only obtained for A. niger between the initial, intermediate, and advanced categories, while for A. flavus, the apparently healthy palms had lower population numbers than the intermediate ones. A. niger was the dominant species in the soils under study. For some fungi, differences were found regarding the sampling season. Although they were found in low quantity, other soil fungi are fulfilling various functions, from saprophytes and antagonists to phytopathogens. Regarding the health categories of palms, only A. niger and A. flavus showed significant differences in their populations. This is the first study of filamentous fungi in Canary Island date palm soils in Mexico City.
Downloads
References
• Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Quezada-Salinas, A., García-Díaz, S.E., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Ortiz-Gercía, C.F., Equihua-Martínez, A. & López-Buenfil, J.A. (2024). Hongos de raíz asociados a la declinación y muerte de Phoenix canariensis L. en la Ciudad de México. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del ambiente. En prensa.
• Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Quezada-Salinas, A., García-Díaz, S.E., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Ortiz-Gercía, C.F., Equihua-Martínez, A. López-Buenfil, J.A. & Quintero-Campos, R. (2024). Desórdenes abióticos associados com palmas ornamentales en la Ciudad de México. Revista Nova Scientia. En prensa.
• Amacher, M. C., O’Neil, K. P., & Perry, C. H. (2007). Soil vital signs: A new soil quality index (SQI) for assessing forest soil health. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-65WWW. U.S.D.A. https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/27300
• Barnett, L. H. & Hunter, B. B. (1998). Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. The American Phytopathologycal Society.
• Benintende, S. & Sánchez, C. (2004). Microorganismos del suelo. Entre Ríos, Argentina: Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional Entre Ríos.
• Berendsen, R. L., Pieterse, C. M. J. & Baker P. A. M. (2012). The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health. Trends in Plant Science, 17: 478–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.04.001 ver Santoyo 2022
• Broschat, T. K., Eliott, M. L. & Hodel, D. R. (2014). Ornamental palms: biology and horticulture. Horticultural Reviews, 42, 2120. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118916827
• Castillo-Rodríguez, L. & Ferro-Cisneros, S. A. (2014). La problemática del diseño con árboles en vías urbanas: “verde con pespuntes negros”. Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 26(1), 620. scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1815-58982015000100002
• Cruz, A. (2023, 14 noviembre). México no está cuidando su biodiversidad: Esperanza Martínez. Crónica. https://www.cronica.com.mx/academia/mexico-cuidando-biodiversidad-esperanza-martinez.html
• García-Díaz, S.E., Quezada-Salinas, A., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. de L. Aranda-Ocampo, S., Ortiz-García, F., Equihua-Martínez, A. & López-Buenfil, J. A. (2023). First report of Nalanthamala vermoesenii causing pink rot of Phoenix canariensis in Mexico. Plant Disease, 107(10), 3291. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-23-0585-PDN
• Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1994). Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm. Fact Sheet ST-439. USA: Universiy of Florida, Florida Cooperative Extension Service. 3 p.
• Giri, B., Giang, P. H., Kumari, R., Prasad, R., & Varm, A. (2005). Microbial diversity in soils. En F. Buscot & A. Varma (Ed.), Microorganisms in soils: roles in genesis and functions (pp. 19–55). Springer-Verlag.
• González-Hernández, H., Equihua-Martínez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., López-Gómez, E., López-Buenfil, J. A., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Quezada-Salinas, A., García-Díaz, S. E., & Ortiz-García, C. F. (2023). First record of Diaspis coccois (Lichtenstein (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) for Mexico. Open Acces Journal of Environmental and Soil Sciences, 6(4), OAJESS.MS.ID.000243. DOI: 10.32474/OAJESS.2023.06.000243
• Grieve, C. M., Grattan, S. R., & Maas, E. V. (2012). Plant salt tolerance. En W.W. Wallender et al. (Ed.), Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice (pp. 405-459). ASCE.
• Harman, G., Khadka, R., Doni, F. & Uphoff, N. (2021). Benefits to plant health and productivity from enhancing plant microbial symbionts. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 610065. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610065
• Hoorman, J. J. & Islam, R. (2010). Understanding soil microbes and nutrient cycling. Ohio State University Extension. http://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/SAG-16 https://doi.org/10.22370/bolmicol.2014.29.2.868
• Jactel, H. & Brockerhoff, E.G. (2007). Tree diversity reduce herbivory by forest insects. Ecology Letters, 10(9), 835-848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01073.x
• Kara, O. & Asan, A. (2007). Microfungal community structure from forest soils in Northern Thrace Region, Turkey. Annals of Microbiology, 57(2), 149155
• Leslie, J. F. & Summerell, B. A. (2006). The Fusarium Laboratory Manual (p. 308). Blackwell Publishing. DOI:10.1002/9780470278376
• Ma, S., Lin, Y., Qin, Y., Diao, X. & Li, P. (2021). Microbial diversity characteristics of Areca palm rhizosphere soil at different growth stages. Plants, 10, 2706. https:// doi.org/10.3390/plants10122706
• Martínez-Romero, E., Aguirre-Noyola, J. L., Taco-Taype, N., Martínez-Romero, J. & Zuñiga-Dávila D. (2020). Plant microbiota modified by plant domestication. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 43(5), 126106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126106
• Matinian, N. N., Gusareva, A. L., Bakhmatova, A. & Sheshukova, A. (2019). Microbiological indicators and heavy metal concentration in ecological assessment of urban soils of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Geography, Envorinment, Sustainability, 13(1), 214-223. https:// doi-10.24057/2071-9388-2019-63
• Moebius-Clune, B.N., Moebius-Clune, D. J., Gugino, B. K., Idowu, O. J., Schindelbeck, R.R., Ristow, A.J., van Es, H.M., Thies, J.E., Shayler, H.A., McBride, M.B., Kurtz, K.S.M., Wolf, D.W. & Abawi, G.S. (2017). Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health. Cornell University.
• Neina, D. (2019). The role of soil pH in plant nutrition and soil remediation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, ID 5794869, 9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5794869
• Orduz-Tovar, S. A., Machado-Cuéllar, L. & Rodríguez-Suárez, L. (2021). Importancia de la biota edáfica para la productividad en agroecosistemas. Revista Nova, 6:27–38. https://doi.org/10.23850/25004476.3681
• Páramo-Aguilera, L., Narváez-Zapata J. & De la Cruz E. (2011). Aislamiento e identificación de microorganismos en biopelículas provenientes del Castillo de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México. Nexo, Revista Científica, 24(2): 8391.
• Pasiecznik, N. (2008). Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm). CABI Compendium. Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) | CABI Compendium (cabidigitallibrary.org)
• Patel, H. K., Vyas R. V., Ramesh, A. & Solanki, J. P. (2020). Rhizosphere microbes: drivers of soil health management. Rhizosphere Microbes, Microorganisms for Sustainability, 23: 235258. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9154-9_2
• Peay, K.G., Baraloto, C. & Fine P. V. A. (2013). Strong coupling of plant and fungal community structure across western Amazonian rainforest. International Society for Microbil Ecology, 7, 18521861.
• Perrone, G., Susca, A., Cozzi, G., Ehrlich, K., Vargas, J., Frisvad, J.C. et al. (2007). Biodiversity of Aspegillus species in some important agricultural products. Studies in Mycology, 59, 5366. https://doi:10.3114/sim.2007.59.07
• Piontelli, E.L. (2014). Agentes comunes de las aspergilosis humanas: conceptos primarios en la diferenciación de sus complejos de especies. Boletín Micológico, 29(2), 63100.
• Quezada-Salinas, A., García-Díaz, S. E., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Aranda-Ocampo, S., Fredy-Ortiz, C. & Equihua-Martínez, A. (2023). Fungi associated with the decline and death of Phoenix canariensis in Mexico City. Mexican Journal of Phytopathology, 41(2), 241256. https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.2302-8
• Richardson, D. M., Pyŝek, P. & Carlton, J. T. (2011). A compendium of essential concepts and terminology in invasión ecology. In D. M. Richarson (eds.). Fyfty years of invasión ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. London, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 409420. https://doi:10.1002/9781444329988.ch30
• Rivera, D., Obón, C. Alcaraz, F. Egea, T, Carreño, E. & Laguna, E. (2013). A review of the nomenclature and typification of the Canary Island endemic plan, Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae). Taxon, 62, 12751282. https:// DOI:10.12705/626.17
• Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Almaraz-Sánchez, A., Quezada-Salinas, A., García-Díaz, S.E., Aranda-Ocampo S., Ortiz-García, C.F., Equihua-Martínez, A. & López-Buenfil, J.A. (2023). Health condition of palm tres of México City, with an emphasis on “crowns”. Open Journal of Agricultural Reserch, 3(1),12-27. https://www.scipublications.com/joumal/index.php/ojar/article/view/690
• Saavedra-Romero, L. de L., Alvarado-Rosales, D., Martínez-Trinidad, T. & Hernández-de la Rosa, P. (2020). Propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo urbano del Bosque San Juan Aragón, Ciudad de México. Terra Latinoamericana, 38 (3), 529–540. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v38i3.644
• Saavedra-Romero, L.L., & Alvarado-Rosales, D. (2024). Tree health assessment in an institutional green space: INAOE case study. Agrociencia, 58(3), 314-330. https://doi. org/ 10.47163/agrociencia. v58i3.3034
• Samsom, R. A., Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J., Hong, S.B., Hubka, V., Klaassen, C.H., & Frisvad. (2014). Phylogeny identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Studies in Mycology, 78,141-173.
• Santoyo, G. (2022). How plants recruit their microbiome. New insithts into beneficial interactions. Journal of Advances Research, 40, 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.020
• SAS. (2003). User´s Guide Statistics, System for Windows V. 9.00. SAS Inst. Inc. Cary North Carolina, USA.
• SEDEMA (Secretaría del Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad de México). (2021). Sustituye Sedema palmeras muertas en avenidas de las Palmas. https://www.sedema.cdmx.gob.mx/comunicación/nota/sustituyen-sedema-palmeras-muertas - en-avenida-de-las-palmas
• Shi, L. L., Mortimer, P. E., Slik, J. W. F., Zou, X. M., Xu, J., Feng WT. & Qiao L. (2013). Variation in forest soil fungal diversity along a latitudinal gradient. Fungal Diversity, 64,305-315. https://doi 10.1007/s13225-013-0270-5
• Spennemann, D.H.R. (2018). Geographical distribution of four key ornamental and production palm species Phoenix canariensis, P. dactylifera, Washingtonia filifera and W. robusta. NSW, Australia: Albury
• Steiner, G. W., & Watson, R. D. (1965). Use of surfactants in the soil dilution and plate count method. Phytopathology, 55,728–730.
• Sturrock, R.N., Frankel, S.J., Brown, A.V., Kliejunas, J.T., Lewis, K.J., & Worral, J.J. (2011). Climate change and forest diseases. Plant Pathology, 60, 133-149. https://doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02406.x
• Tanji, K., Grattan S., Grieve, C., Harivandi A., Rollins L., Shaw D., Sheikh, B., & Wu, L. (2007). Salt Management Guide. Guide for Landscape Irrigation with Recycled Water in Coastal Southern California. www.water.ca.gov
• Tawfik, E., Alqurashi, M., Aloufi, S., Alyamani, A., Baz, L., Fayad, E. (2022). Characterization of mutant Aspergillus niger and the impact on certain plants. Sustainability, 14, 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su14031936
• Turner, T. R., James, E. K. & Poole, P. S. (2013). Tha plant microbiome. Genome Biology, 14,209. http://genomebiology.com/2013/14/6/209
• USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). (2006). The Urban Forestry Manual: A Manual for Urban Forestry in the South. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station, Athens, GA.
• Van der Heijden, M. G., Bardgett, R. D. & van Straalen, N. M. (2008). The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 11, 296–310.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandra Almaraz-Sánchez, Luz de Lourdes Saavedra-Romero, Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, Andrés Quezada-Salinas, Silvia Edith García-Díaz, Sergio Aranda-Ocampo, Armando Equihua-Martínez, Carlos Fredy Ortiz-Gracía, José López-Buenfil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
