WATER QUALITY EVALUATION OF THE ACHAMAYO AND SHULLCAS SUB-BASINS (JUNÍN-PERÚ) USING THE CCME QUALITY INDEX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v23i1.2168Keywords:
municipal discharges, contamination of rivers, CCME water quality index, Achamayo Junín and Shullcas Junín sub-basinAbstract
Rivers and streams, in most cases, are used as a receiving body for municipal waste, which, without proper treatment, generates water pollution problems. In the study areas of this research, there is information from water quality monitoring published by the National Water Authority, where the results are not very understandable for a population that does not know about the subject. Water Quality Indices (WQI) are one of the most used tools to evaluate water quality, since they summarize the data on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters in a simple and easy- to-understand way. The objective of this research was to carry out the evaluation of the ICA in the Achamayo and Shullcas sub-basins through the canadian methodology CCME-WQI (The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment - Water Quality Index). For this, data from water quality monitoring reports from 2015 to 2020, municipal discharges and geospatial information from rivers and basins were used. The Shullcas sub-basin obtained an AQI result of 46.2, which corresponds to a “marginal” water quality; this result is a consequence of the high concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, while the Achamayo sub-basin obtained an AQI-CCME of 67.8, which corresponds to a “regular” quality, reaching the conclusion that the Shullcas subbasin is the most impacted by municipal discharges, which is why it is recommended to build wastewater treatment plants with activated sludge technology or MBBR moving bed bioreactors.
Downloads
References
Almeida de G.S. & Oliveira de I.B. 2018. Application of the index WQI-CCME with data aggregation per monitoring campaign and per section of the river: case study-Joanes River, Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190: Art. 195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6542-5.
ANA. (s.f.). Observatorio Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. Recuperado en setiembre de 2022. https://snirh.ana.gob.pe/observatoriosnirh/.
ANA. 2015. Evaluación de Recursos Hídricos en la cuenca del Mantaro. Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA). https://hdl.handle.net/20 500.12543/36.
ANA. 2018. Resolución Jefatural N° 056-2018-ANA: Clasificaci6n de los Cuerpos de Agua Continentales Superficiales. ANA (Autoridad Nacional del Agua). Perú. bit.ly/rEA-UNALM-19.
ANA. 2020. Plan de Gestión de Recursos Hídricos en la Cuenca del Río Mantaro. Etapa 1. Consultado en setiembre de 2022 de: https://crhc.ana.gob.pe/mantaro/sites/default/files/Mantaro/HY5971-MA-Vol2-RP-HY-DiagGIRHC- D01V02.pdf.
Aylas-Quispe A., Campos-Llantoy A., Perez-Cordova M., Alvarez-Montalván C.E. & Camargo-Hinostroza S. 2021. Evaluation of the Quality of Drinking Water and Rivers in the Mantaro Valley, Central Peru. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 943(012002): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012002.
Carneiro L.C., da Silva N., dos Santos L.M., Cunha M., Santos S.R., Gomes A.R., Brito A.B. & Marinho R. 2021. Effects of the lack of basic public sanitation on the water quality of the Caeté River estuary in northern Brazil. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 21(2): 299-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2020.12.003.
CCME. 2017. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: CCME Water Quality Index, User's Manual 2017 update. https://ccme.ca/en/res/wqimanualen.pdf.
Choque-Quispe D., Ligarda-Samanez C.A., Solano-Reynoso A.M., Ramos-Pacheco B.S., Quispe-Quispe Y., Choque- Quispe Y. & Kari-Ferro A. 2021. Water quality index in the highHigh-Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Apurímac, Peru. Tecnología y Ciencias Del Agua, 12(1): 37-73. https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2021-01-02.
Damania R., Desbureaux S., Rodella A., Russ J. & Zaveri E. 2019. Unknown Quality. World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/32245.
Dimri D., Daverey A., Kumar A. & Sharma A. 2021. Monitoring water quality of River Ganga using multivariate techniques and WQI (Water Quality Index) in Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. India. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 15: 100375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100375.
García S.L., Arguello A., Parra R. & Pincay M. 2019. Factores que influyen en el pH del agua mediante la aplicación de modelos de regresión lineal. INNOVA Research Journal, 4(2): 59-71. https://doi.org/10.33890/innova.v4.n2.2019.909.
Gikas G.D., Sylaios G.K., Tsihrintzis V.A., Konstantinou I.K., Albanis T. & Boskidis I. 2020. Comparative evaluation of river chemical status based on WFD methodology and CCME water quality index. Science of the Total Environment, 745: 140849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140849.
Gil-Marín J.A., Vizacíno C. & Montaño-Mata N.J. 2018. Evaluación de la calidad del agua superficial utilizando el índice de calidad del agua (ICA). Caso de estudio: Cuenca del río Guarapiche, Monagas, Venezuela. Anales Científicos, 79(1): 111–119. https://doi.org/10.21704/ac.v79i1.1146. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=64800 01.
González-Val R. & Pueyo F. 2019. Natural resources, economic growth and geography. Economic Modelling, 83: 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.02.007.
Mesa O.J. 2018. Cuatro modelos de redes de drenaje. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 42(165): 379-391. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.641.
MINAM. 2017. Decreto Supremo Nº 004-2017-MINAM: Aprueban Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para agua y establecen Disposiciones Complementarias. Diario (Oficial) El Peruano (Normas Legales), 34(14101): 10-19. Miércoles 7 de junio de 2017. https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/cuadernillo/NL/2017060 7.
Nhantumbo C., Cangi N., Rodrigues M., Manuel C., Rapulua S., Langa J., Nhantumbo H., Joaquim D., Dosse M., Sumbana J., Santos R., Montero S. & Juizo D. 2023. Assessment of Microbial Contamination in the Infulene River Basin, Mozambique. Water, 15(2): 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020219.
Noyola A., Morgan-Sagastume J.M. & Guereca L.P. 2013. Selección de tecnología para el tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales. Guía de apoyo para ciudades pequeñas y medianas. Instituto de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. http://proyectos2.iingen.unam.mx/LACClimateChange/d ocs/Guia.pdf.
Reyes W. 2020. Optimización del tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas mediante la implementación del Sistema MBBR - Caylloma - Aquafil. Rev. del Instituto de Investigación FIGMMG-UNMSM, 23(45): 43-49. https://doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v23i45.18047.
Robledo J.A. 2022. Índice Canadiense de Calidad del Agua CCME-WQI, en la zona de incidencia hidrográfica del río Dulce, Izabal, Guatemala. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 5(3): 2789-2798. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv5n3-014.
Tejeda J.M. 2021. Caudal ecológico del río Achamayo de acuerdo a parámetros hidráulicos, Concepción - Junín. Tesis para optar el grado académico de Maestra en Gestión Sostenible de Cuencas Hidrográficas. Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12894/7543.
Tilley E., Ulrich L., Lüthi C., Reymond P., Schertenleib R. & Zurbrügg C. 2018. Compendio de sistemas y tecnologías de saneamiento. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Segunda edición revisada. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y Hábitat para la Humanidad para esta versión castellana. https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/schwerpunkte/sesp/CLUES/Compendium_Spani sh_pdfs/compendio_sp.pdf.
Valcarcel L., Alberro N. & Frías D. 2008. El Índice de Calidad de Agua como herramienta para la gestión de los recursos hídricos. Cub@: Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo. 10(18): 1–5.
https://cmad.ama.cu/index.php/cmad/article/view/141. Van Winckel T., Cools J., Vlaeminck S.E., Joos P., Van
Meenen E., Borregán-Ochando E., Van Den Steen K., Geerts R., Vandermoere F. & Blust R. 2021. Towards harmonization of water quality management: A comparison of chemical drinking water and surface water quality standards around the globe. Journal of Environmental Management, 298: 113447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113447.
Wan L. & Wang H. 2021. Control of urban river water pollution is studied based on SMS. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 22: 101468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101468.
Yotova G., Varbanov M., Tcherkezova E. & Tsakovski S. 2021. Water quality assessment of a river catchment by the composite water quality index and self-organizing maps. Ecological Indicators, 120: 106872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106872.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Milagros Gutiérrez Vilela, Wilfredo Celestino Baldeón Quispe
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.