Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): A threat in crop production in Africa and Asia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i3.1495Palabras clave:
Fall armyworm, maize, Integrated Pest Management.Resumen
Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), el gusano cogollero (FAW) es una plaga de cultivos con más de 80 especies hospedadoras que causan graves daños a los cereales de maíz. El gusano cogollero, originario de la región tropical y subtropical de América, se ha extendido rápidamente por todo el mundo. Las larvas y los adultos del gusano cogollero dañan las hojas jóvenes, los verticilos de las hojas, las borlas o las mazorcas del maíz. Bajo una fuerte infestación de gusano cogollero se produce una pérdida de rendimiento del 50-80% en la cosecha de maíz. Esta plaga es capaz de reproducirse, migrar y alimentarse rápidamente de una gran variedad de plantas hospedantes, lo que dificulta su seguimiento. Sin embargo, hay varias medidas de control reportadas en varios países. El manejo integrado de plagas (cultural, químico y biológico) se usa ampliamente para controlar esta plaga. Debido a que la plaga se ha vuelto resistente a muchos insecticidas, no se recomienda su uso en las etapas iniciales de la infestación. Pero, la última opción para este manejo de plagas seriamente infestadas es el uso de pesticidas por debajo del umbral económico. Esta revisión se centra en la distribución de insectos, la biología, el daño del maíz y las posibles estrategias para su manejo.
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