Identificación de genotipos de trigo harinero Triticum aestivum L.) con tolerancia a condiciones de sequía en la costa central del Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i2.1964Palabras clave:
trigo harinero, sequia, índice de tolerancia, genotiposResumen
El trigo se siembra mayormente en el Perú, en zonas sobre los 3000 m de altitud, bajo condiciones de secano y problemas de sequias frecuentes durante el ciclo de cultivo. Es un cereal empleado como alimento básico por las familias de los agricultores de pequeña escala que se dedican a su cultivo, razón por la que se requiere desarrollar variedades con tolerancia a la sequía. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos (1) Determinar el potencial de rendimiento de genotipos de trigo en condiciones de estrés de sequía, (2) Determinar los índices de susceptibilidad y tolerancia a la sequía y (3) Identificar genotipos tolerantes a la sequía. Se estudiaron nueve genotipos introducidos del CIMMYT y la variedad comercial “Centenario” de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) en un ambiente con irrigación completa durante el ciclo de vida y otro ambiente con estrés de sequía terminal o riego deficitario aplicado en la fase de bota (Z4.0). Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se realizaron evaluaciones de características agronómicas y de calidad siguiendo los protocolos establecidos para cada característica evaluada y se determinó los índices de tolerancia al estrés (ITE), productividad media (PM), = Producción media geométrica (PMG), índice de tolerancia (TOL) y el índice de susceptibilidad al estrés (SSI). La reducción en el rendimiento de granos varió de 17.95 % al 33.27 %, principalmente por efecto de la sequía. El SSI varió de 0.65 (G-3) a 1.21 (G-6 y G-9), mientras que el TOL varió de 1 316.8 (G-3) a 3 142.68 (G-7). Los índices MP, STI y GMP permitieron identificar a 5 genotipos con mayor tolerancia a condiciones de riego y de estrés: G-1, G-2, G-7, G-8 y G-10. Estos resultados son importantes para el desarrollo de nuevas variedades que se adapten a condiciones de sequía y enfrentar el cambio climático en la región Andina.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Gomez-Pando, Ian Dood, Diego Zamudio Ayala, Denisse Deza Montoya, Ana Eguiluz de la Barra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
