Identification of bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) with tolerance to drought conditions at the central coast of Peru

L. Gomez-Pando; Ian  Dood; Diego  Zamudio Ayala; Denisse  Deza Montoya; Ana  Eguiluz de la Barra

doi:10.21704/pja.v6i2.1964

Autores/as

L. Gomez-Pando Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-5179
Ian Dodd Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA14YQ, UK
Diego Zamudio Ayala Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina.
Denisse Deza Montoya Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina.
Ana Eguiluz de la Barra Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-8064

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i2.1964

Palabras clave:

trigo harinero, sequia, índice de tolerancia, genotipos

Resumen

El trigo se siembra mayormente en el Perú, en zonas sobre los 3000 m de altitud, bajo condiciones de secano y problemas de sequias frecuentes durante el ciclo de cultivo. Es un cereal empleado como alimento básico por las familias de los agricultores de pequeña escala que se dedican a su cultivo, razón por la que se requiere desarrollar variedades con tolerancia a la sequía. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos (1) Determinar el potencial de rendimiento de genotipos de trigo en condiciones de estrés de sequía, (2) Determinar los índices de susceptibilidad y tolerancia a la sequía y (3) Identificar genotipos tolerantes a la sequía. Se estudiaron nueve genotipos introducidos del CIMMYT y la variedad comercial “Centenario” de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) en un ambiente con irrigación completa durante el ciclo de vida y otro ambiente con estrés de sequía terminal o riego deficitario aplicado en la fase de bota (Z4.0). Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se realizaron evaluaciones de características agronómicas y de calidad siguiendo los protocolos establecidos para cada característica evaluada y se determinó los índices de tolerancia al estrés (ITE), productividad media (PM), = Producción media geométrica (PMG), índice de tolerancia (TOL) y el índice de susceptibilidad al estrés (SSI). La reducción en el rendimiento de granos varió de 17.95 % al 33.27 %, principalmente por efecto de la sequía. El SSI varió de 0.65 (G-3) a 1.21 (G-6 y G-9), mientras que el TOL varió de 1 316.8 (G-3) a 3 142.68 (G-7). Los índices MP, STI y GMP permitieron identificar a 5 genotipos con mayor tolerancia a condiciones de riego y de estrés: G-1, G-2, G-7, G-8 y G-10. Estos resultados son importantes para el desarrollo de nuevas variedades que se adapten a condiciones de sequía y enfrentar el cambio climático en la región Andina.

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